{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/xw47p8vg9w/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Memories of Migration Episode 5: Work"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/010/original/Aviary_QPLlogo_192x192.png?1578574261","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2019-07-08"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Natalie Milbrodt (Host)","Tony O’Reilly (Interviewee)","Dumitru Radu (Interviewee)","Christopher Boles (Interviewee)","Alfredo Cornejo (Interviewee)","Chun-hee Kim (Interviewee)","Luna Ranjit (Interviewee)","Eileen Sprague (Interviewer)","Pat McCluskey (Interviewer)","Gonzalo Passano (Interviewer)","Richard Lee (Interviewer)","Meera Nair (Interviewer)","Adriene Lara (Producer)","Elias Ravin (Composer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eThis is the Queens Memory Podcast, a selection of personal histories from the borough of Queens in New York City. Our first season collects stories of migration. After listening through our archives, we began to think about connections between labor and migration. For our fifth episode, we collected stories of work.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eFROM THE ARCHIVES: Storytellers whose oral histories we feature in this episode, with links to full interviews and timecode outlines\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eTony O’Reilly, interviewed by Pat McCluskey and Eileen Sprague as part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.qcirishstudies.org/new-page\"\u003eIrish in Queens Oral History Project\u003c/a\u003e (2017)\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"../../../r/9g5gb1xq74\"\u003eDumitru Radu\u003c/a\u003e, interviewed by Natalie Milbrodt (2011)\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"../../../r/gm81j97h60\"\u003eChristopher Boles\u003c/a\u003e, interviewed by Eileen Sprague and Sarah Covington as part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.qcirishstudies.org/new-page\"\u003eIrish in Queens Oral History Project\u003c/a\u003e (2017)\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"../../../r/tb0xp6vf3g\"\u003eAlfredo Cornejo\u003c/a\u003e, interviewed by Gonzalo Passano (2016)\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"../../../r/jm23b5wj8b\"\u003eChun-Hee Kim\u003c/a\u003e, interviewed by Richard Lee (2016)\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"../../../r/qf8jd4qj76\"\u003eLuna Ranjit\u003c/a\u003e, interviewed by Meera Nair (2016)\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn this episode, we heard Chrisopher Boles talk about difficulties with residence permits in Northern Ireland, as well as different jobs in Northern Ireland, England, Canada, and the U.S. Hear more about documentation in \u003ca href=\"../../../r/3n20c4tb9p\"\u003eEpisode 2 on Paperwork\u003c/a\u003e and about Irish history in the 1950s in \u003ca href=\"../../../r/xp6tx3673t\"\u003eEpisode 3 on Travel\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWe also heard Chun-hee Kim mention that the story she tells is the second unforgettable memory she has from the United States. To listen to her first unforgettable memory, you can also head to \u003ca href=\"../../../r/3n20c4tb9p\"\u003eEpisode 2 on Paperwork\u003c/a\u003e!\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIN THE STACKS: References available through the Queens Public Library\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eResearch for this episode comes from the Queens Public Library stacks and databases, along with various online sources and Wikipedia articles.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn reference to “The Minstrel Boy,” mentioned by Tony O’Reilly as the name of a bar, we learned this song was written by Thomas Moore following the Irish Rebellion of 1798. This particular title seems to refer to a history of minstrels distinct from the long history of minstrelsy and blackface in the United States. Though “The Minstrel Boy” may have different roots, we also learned in \u003ca href=\"http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T002\u0026amp;resultListType=RESULT_LIST\u0026amp;searchResultsType=SingleTab\u0026amp;searchType=BasicSearchForm\u0026amp;currentPosition=5\u0026amp;docId=GALE%7CA251377878\u0026amp;docType=Article\u0026amp;sort=Relevance\u0026amp;contentSegment=ZONE-Exclude-FT\u0026amp;prodId=AONE\u0026amp;contentSet=GALE%7CA251377878\u0026amp;searchId=R5\u0026amp;userGroupName=nysl_me_queensb\u0026amp;inPS=true\"\u003ethis article\u003c/a\u003e by Christopher J. Smith a version of the connected history between early American minstrelsy and Irish and Black musical histories in the 19th-century American South, even right around the time the song may have been composed.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eREFERENCE DESK: Sources referenced in this episode from beyond the library\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWe learned about the history of “The Minstrel Boy” and its different versions by reading \u003ca href=\"https://www.irishcentral.com/culture/entertainment/minstrel-boy-thomas-moore-st-patricks-day\"\u003ethis article\u003c/a\u003e by Niall O’Dowd on Irish Central.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eChristopher Boles mentions migrating to Toronto searching for uranium mining opportunities. To learn more about mining industries in Ireland and Canada during the 1950s, we read \u003ca href=\"http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/canada-uranium.aspx\"\u003ethis article\u003c/a\u003e from the World Nuclear Association on uranium mining in Canada. We also learned from \u003ca href=\"https://nowtoronto.com/news/wmds-in-the-west-end-of-toronto/\"\u003ethis article\u003c/a\u003e by Zach Rutter on Now Toronto about current uranium mining in Toronto, as well as ongoing work of Indigenous activists against it. To learn more about uranium mining and Indigenous organizing in Canada, we read \u003ca href=\"http://www.pejnews.com/index.php?option=com_content\u0026amp;view=article\u0026amp;id=8041\u0026amp;catid=74:ijustice-news\u0026amp;Itemid=216\"\u003ethis article\u003c/a\u003e by Heather Tufts on Peace, Earth, \u0026amp; Justice News.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLuna Ranjit tells a story of co-founding Adhikaar, a social justice organization based in New York led by Nepali-speaking communities. In February 2017, Queens Memory co-hosted an event on contemporary community organizing in Corona and East Elmhurst, where Narbada Chhetri from Adhikaar spoke more about their active, ongoing work. To watch the event, \u003ca href=\"../../../r/5m6251fp9t\"\u003ehead here\u003c/a\u003e. To learn more and get connected to Adhikaar, head to their website\u003ca href=\"http://www.adhikaar.org/\"\u003e here\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eGUIDING QUESTIONS: Origin points for discussion\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e●       What kinds of work have you done?\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e●       How did you come to do that work?\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e●       What role does it play in your life?\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eVoice narration, editing, and supervision by Natalie Milbrodt\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eProduction, writing, and research by Adriene Lara\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMusical composition by Elias Ravin\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eListen to the episode on \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/queens-public-library/memories-of-migration-episode-five-work\"\u003eSoundCloud\u003c/a\u003e, as well as any other platform you find your podcasts. Give us a like if you want, and comment to share your thoughts with us. Find more from Queens Memory at \u003ca href=\"queensmemory.org\"\u003eQueensMemory.org\u003c/a\u003e, on \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/queensmemory/\"\u003eFacebook at Queens Memory\u003c/a\u003e, and on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/QueensMemory\"\u003e@QueensMemory\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e (summary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eThis audio piece was produced by the Queens Memory Project and is available for use under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License. For inquiries, please contact queensmemory@queenslibrary.org.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eThis is the Queens Memory Podcast, a selection of personal histories from the borough of Queens in New York City. Our first season collects stories of migration. After listening through our archives, we began to think about connections between labor and migration. For our fifth episode, we collected stories of work.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eFROM THE ARCHIVES: Storytellers whose oral histories we feature in this episode, with links to full interviews and timecode outlines\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eTony O\u0026rsquo;Reilly, interviewed by Pat McCluskey and Eileen Sprague as part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.qcirishstudies.org/new-page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003eIrish in Queens Oral History Project\u003c/a\u003e (2017)\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"../../../r/9g5gb1xq74\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003eDumitru Radu\u003c/a\u003e, interviewed by Natalie Milbrodt (2011)\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"../../../r/gm81j97h60\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003eChristopher Boles\u003c/a\u003e, interviewed by Eileen Sprague and Sarah Covington as part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.qcirishstudies.org/new-page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003eIrish in Queens Oral History Project\u003c/a\u003e (2017)\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"../../../r/tb0xp6vf3g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003eAlfredo Cornejo\u003c/a\u003e, interviewed by Gonzalo Passano (2016)\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"../../../r/jm23b5wj8b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003eChun-Hee Kim\u003c/a\u003e, interviewed by Richard Lee (2016)\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"../../../r/qf8jd4qj76\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003eLuna Ranjit\u003c/a\u003e, interviewed by Meera Nair (2016)\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn this episode, we heard Chrisopher Boles talk about difficulties with residence permits in Northern Ireland, as well as different jobs in Northern Ireland, England, Canada, and the U.S. Hear more about documentation in \u003ca href=\"../../../r/3n20c4tb9p\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003eEpisode 2 on Paperwork\u003c/a\u003e and about Irish history in the 1950s in \u003ca href=\"../../../r/xp6tx3673t\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003eEpisode 3 on Travel\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWe also heard Chun-hee Kim mention that the story she tells is the second unforgettable memory she has from the United States. To listen to her first unforgettable memory, you can also head to \u003ca href=\"../../../r/3n20c4tb9p\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003eEpisode 2 on Paperwork\u003c/a\u003e!\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIN THE STACKS: References available through the Queens Public Library\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eResearch for this episode comes from the Queens Public Library stacks and databases, along with various online sources and Wikipedia articles.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn reference to \u0026ldquo;The Minstrel Boy,\u0026rdquo; mentioned by Tony O\u0026rsquo;Reilly as the name of a bar, we learned this song was written by Thomas Moore following the Irish Rebellion of 1798. This particular title seems to refer to a history of minstrels distinct from the long history of minstrelsy and blackface in the United States. Though \u0026ldquo;The Minstrel Boy\u0026rdquo; may have different roots, we also learned in \u003ca href=\"http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T002\u0026amp;resultListType=RESULT_LIST\u0026amp;searchResultsType=SingleTab\u0026amp;searchType=BasicSearchForm\u0026amp;currentPosition=5\u0026amp;docId=GALE%7CA251377878\u0026amp;docType=Article\u0026amp;sort=Relevance\u0026amp;contentSegment=ZONE-Exclude-FT\u0026amp;prodId=AONE\u0026amp;contentSet=GALE%7CA251377878\u0026amp;searchId=R5\u0026amp;userGroupName=nysl_me_queensb\u0026amp;inPS=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003ethis article\u003c/a\u003e by Christopher J. Smith a version of the connected history between early American minstrelsy and Irish and Black musical histories in the 19th-century American South, even right around the time the song may have been composed.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eREFERENCE DESK: Sources referenced in this episode from beyond the library\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWe learned about the history of \u0026ldquo;The Minstrel Boy\u0026rdquo; and its different versions by reading \u003ca href=\"https://www.irishcentral.com/culture/entertainment/minstrel-boy-thomas-moore-st-patricks-day\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003ethis article\u003c/a\u003e by Niall O\u0026rsquo;Dowd on Irish Central.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eChristopher Boles mentions migrating to Toronto searching for uranium mining opportunities. To learn more about mining industries in Ireland and Canada during the 1950s, we read \u003ca href=\"http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/canada-uranium.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003ethis article\u003c/a\u003e from the World Nuclear Association on uranium mining in Canada. We also learned from \u003ca href=\"https://nowtoronto.com/news/wmds-in-the-west-end-of-toronto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003ethis article\u003c/a\u003e by Zach Rutter on Now Toronto about current uranium mining in Toronto, as well as ongoing work of Indigenous activists against it. To learn more about uranium mining and Indigenous organizing in Canada, we read \u003ca href=\"http://www.pejnews.com/index.php?option=com_content\u0026amp;view=article\u0026amp;id=8041\u0026amp;catid=74:ijustice-news\u0026amp;Itemid=216\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003ethis article\u003c/a\u003e by Heather Tufts on Peace, Earth, \u0026amp; Justice News.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLuna Ranjit tells a story of co-founding Adhikaar, a social justice organization based in New York led by Nepali-speaking communities. In February 2017, Queens Memory co-hosted an event on contemporary community organizing in Corona and East Elmhurst, where Narbada Chhetri from Adhikaar spoke more about their active, ongoing work. To watch the event, \u003ca href=\"../../../r/5m6251fp9t\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003ehead here\u003c/a\u003e. To learn more and get connected to Adhikaar, head to their website\u003ca href=\"http://www.adhikaar.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003e here\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eGUIDING QUESTIONS: Origin points for discussion\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e●\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; What kinds of work have you done?\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e●\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; How did you come to do that work?\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e●\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; What role does it play in your life?\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eVoice narration, editing, and supervision by Natalie Milbrodt\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eProduction, writing, and research by Adriene Lara\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMusical composition by Elias Ravin\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eListen to the episode on \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/queens-public-library/memories-of-migration-episode-five-work\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003eSoundCloud\u003c/a\u003e, as well as any other platform you find your podcasts. Give us a like if you want, and comment to share your thoughts with us. Find more from Queens Memory at \u003ca href=\"queensmemory.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003eQueensMemory.org\u003c/a\u003e, on \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/queensmemory/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003eFacebook at Queens Memory\u003c/a\u003e, and on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/QueensMemory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003e@QueensMemory\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eThis audio piece was produced by the Queens Memory Project and is available for use under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License. For inquiries, please contact queensmemory@queenslibrary.org.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Queens Public Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Queens Public Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/010/original/Aviary_QPLlogo_192x192.png?1578574261","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/138/736/small/Screenshot_%2836%29.png?1641913522","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/105/collection_resources/61524/file/138736","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - qmpodcast_s1e5_5.Mp3"]},"duration":2289.92944,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/138/736/small/Screenshot_%2836%29.png?1641913522","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/105/collection_resources/61524/file/138736/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/105/collection_resources/61524/file/138736/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-queenslibrary.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/138/736/original/qmpodcast_s1e5_5.Mp3?1641894002","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2289.92944,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/105/collection_resources/61524/file/138736","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/105/collection_resources/61524/file/138736/transcript/35127","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Full Transcript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/105/collection_resources/61524/file/138736/transcript/35127/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Queens Memory Podcast\nSeason 1 Episode 5\nTranscript (English)\n\nINTRO\n\nNATALIE MILBRODT, narrator: For full transcripts, translations, content notes, and resources from this episode, follow along with us on our show notes at Queens Memory dot org.\n\n[INTRODUCTORY MUSIC BEGINS]\n\nNM: This is the Queens Memory Podcast, a selection of personal histories from the borough of Queens, in New York City. This podcast comes to you from the Queens Memory Project, based in Jamaica, Queens at the Queens Central Library. I'm Natalie Milbrodt, Director of Queens Memory, where we record and preserve contemporary history across the borough. We grow our archives by collecting oral histories, photos, and mementos shared with us by community members. Local volunteers, who train with Queens Memory staff, facilitate and record our oral history interviews.\n\nWe feature oral histories from our archives so we can reflect on and engage with the histories we listen to and tell one another. How do we carry each other’s stories? What shapes our personal and family histories? How did we get to the neighborhoods where we live? And where are we in relation to each other's histories?\n\nAs part of New York City, Queens has long been a point of entry to the United States. Thinking about the borough in this way, we searched through our archives to gather stories of migration for this first season of the Queens Memory Podcast. These stories cross continents and move through decades of the past century. We share these oral histories to reflect on the histories of this borough, of this country, and of ourselves.\n\n[BACKGROUND MUSIC CHANGES]\n\n[INTRODUCTORY AUDIO COLLAGE BEGINS]\n\nTONY O’REILLY: - In Buffalo, I bartended, in Ireland before I left Ireland -\nDIMITRU RADU: - myself, an airline pilot - I could try here - in New York City\nCHRISTOPHER BOLES: - I went to Belfast - I got a job in a bar - I applied for a residence permit - and was declined\nALFREDO CORNEJO: - I went to New Jersey, trying to find a job\nCHUN-HEE KIM: - it was Saturday, payday - when I opened my - pocketbook - envelope with the cash - I dropped!\nLUNA RANJIT: - meeting people - in Jackson Heights - and like, talking to people - those stories motivated me - towards doing something\n\nNM: For our fifth episode, we collected stories of work. After listening through our archives, we began to think about connections between labor and migration. We considered histories stretching back centuries in the U.S. in which work has remained a major factor in deciding who gets to stay where. Naturalization processes in the U.S. going back to 1790 require what legal documents refer to as \"good moral character,\" in large part determined through employer sponsorship and employment history. We’ve also talked in previous episodes about how many U.S. immigration documents like green cards and H-category visas require either a job or legally validated family relationships, and how recent U.S. immigration laws have instituted more preferences for formal education and credentials. We want to continue thinking about political circumstances and histories as we listen further. In this episode, we'll reflect on the many factors that form our relationships to where we live and how we work.\n\nLet’s listen.\n\n[BACKGROUND MUSIC FADES OUT]\n\nBODY\n\n[FIRST ORAL HISTORY BEGINS, with TONY O’REILLY]\n\nEILEEN SPRAGUE, co-interviewer: How’d you get your first job in New York?\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nTONY O’REILLY: I went back up to Ca- Buffalo, I was in Buffalo at that time -\n\nPAT MCCLUSKEY, co-interviewer: Buffalo, okay.\n\nTO: - and gathered up my few belongings, and I had to work. I was working for a guy up there at that time in a bar, and um, he released me early and let me travel all the way back to New York.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nIn Buffalo I bartended, in Ireland before I left Ireland.\n\nPM: You bartended as well. So you were comfortable?\n\nTO: I was comfortable, I was actually very good at it. [LAUGHS] If I may say so!\n\nEILEEN SPRAGUE, co-interviewer: [LAUGHS]\n\nPM: [LAUGHS] Oh you may, you may! It’s, um, it’s a talent, being a good bartender, and it’s work!\n\nTO: Well, in Dublin, when I was there, it was a unionized job, and you know, there was the finest of guys doin’ this work.\n\nPM: I didn’t know that bartenders had a union!\n\nTO: And you were trained, you know, you were an apprentice, a junior, a senior, and you moved up the ladder, and you got paid, went the same way.\n\nPM: I had no idea! Did you? I had no idea!\n\nES: No!\n\nTO: Mm! It was very, a very kind of halfway respected job.\n\nPM: Yeah, so it seems!\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nTO: In between bar jobs here, I would work for, you know, on construction.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nYou know, we would do sidewalks and various small jobs at homeowners’ houses, and I was just a worker, and I was drivin’ along one Saturday with this mail [TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE: unsure about this phrase] guy, he was a rough guy, in a truck, and I thought, “This would be a nice life!” And uh, I thought, “I’m goin’ to do something like this. Maybe it’s possible I could do something like this.” And uh, so as time went on I- I was workin’ behind the bar in Bayside up in Bell Boulevard.\n\nPM: Oh, which one?\n\nTO: Uh, it was called the Minstrel Boy back then and now it’s called Bourbon Street.\n\nPM: And prior to the Minstrel Boy it was called McElroy’s.\n\nTO: Yeah, exactly!\n\nPM: Kevin and I grew up in McElroy’s! [LAUGHS]\n\nTO: Did ya? Really! Yeah, yeah!\n\nPM: You worked there?\n\nTO: Yeah! Right after, right after McElroy’s.\n\nPM: That’s right! Wow!\n\nTO: Yeah. Very busy place.\n\nPM: Oh yeah.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nTO: I remember one Wednesday night, the whole, the regular gang were gone. They’d moved on, just seemed to dissipate. There was a whole new group of young guys sittin’ along the bar, and they were tryin’ to be friendly to the bartender.\n\nPM: Sure.\n\nTO: And I was sayin’, ‘Oh, here’s another group now, and here I am.’ I’m 30, maybe 34 at the time.\n\nPM: Oh. Mid ‘80s?\n\nTO: Yeah, something like that. And I’m thinkin’, “Am I gonna be a bartender when I’m, you know, old?”\n\nPM: 44, right. Ten years’ time.\n\nTO: Yeah, yeah! And I got scared, the thought of that scared me. It was all a lotta fun up to that point. And then I said, “I don’t wanna be a bartender!” And I had tried the owning thing already and wasn’t successful with that, so I said, “I’m not- I can’t-” You know?\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nThis game was over for me, you know, and I said to myself, “I wonder what is the qualifications to being a contractor.” And I started thinking about it and I said, “There is no qualifications!” You know? So I, I often tell people, I made a complete circle behind the bar, turned my body all the way around, and I said, “I’m a contractor. And who’s to say I’m not?” You know? [LAUGHS]\n\nPM: And that was a major turning point!\n\nTO: That was a major- once I had that burning desire in 1984, and you can do anything if you have enough of a burning desire-\n\nPM: Yes.\n\nTO: -I just, I just went towards it. We went down and we bought an old ConEd truck, um, at the auction. You know, a dump truck. And then started from there. I started with a partner. Was kind of, he was lookin’ to get into business as well, and we kind of, uh, started.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nMy trainin’ to be a contractor was on-the-job trainin’. [LAUGHS]\n\nPM \u0026 TO: [LAUGHS]\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nTO: I just figured, if I can make a week’s pay of what I was makin’ behind the bar, then anything above that is a bonus.\n\nPM: Right.\n\nES: What’d your wife think about that decision?\n\nTO: She wanted me to go work for Con Edison, but she worked for Con Edison.\n\nES: Okay.\n\nTO: So she arranged to have this uh, this interview for me, and I never liked being boxed in. And I felt like if I took that job, I’d be startin’ out at the very bottom, and I could be there for 30 years, and I said, “I don’t want to be boxed in.”\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nES: In the contracting business, how soon did you feel that was the right choice?\n\nTO: Um, almost right away. Yeah! I- I just had, I had a way of- Um, one of the reasons that I went into the contracting business was because I didn’t want to be a worker.\n\nI knew I wouldn’t be a very good worker. [LAUGHS]\n\n[BACKGROUND MUSIC BEGINS TO FADE IN]\n\nES: [LAUGHS] You gotta be the boss!\n\nPM: You wanted to be the boss.\n\nTO: So I said, “Who has the easiest job?” You know? So I thought, “The boss can do what he likes.” So I thought I’d be the boss!\n\nNM: The opening oral history for this episode came from Tony O’Reilly, reflecting on his work in bars in the different towns where he moved, and sharing memories of moving between cities and finding work. He mentions working at a bar in Bayside formerly called “The Minstrel Boy,” which shares its name with an Irish nationalist song from the turn of the 18th century. Keep listening and head to our show notes for more on Irish independence movements, and their connections to U.S. history, racial politics, and migration.\n\nIn these next oral histories, we’ll hear from Dimitru Radu and Christopher Boles, who also talk about how their jobs became intertwined with their migration stories. Let’s start with Dimitru Radu, telling stories of piloting in World War II and later doing translation work after migrating to New York.\n\n[SECOND ORAL HISTORY BEGINS, with DIMITRU RADU]\n\nNATALIE MILBRODT, interviewer: So you were a pilot in-\n\nDIMITRU RADU: During the war!\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nEverything, I would say, in the war [TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE: Unsure of this phrase], is related- is, uh, political climate of Europe. After World War II, Europe was actually divided, the Western Europe and Eastern Europe - \n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\n- and that created a wave of refugees from East Europe to West Europe, and all over the places. Therefore, I left Romania with my wife and my son. Uh, we spent some time in France, and finally we receive a visa of Colombia, South America. We spent five years in South America. I was fine personally. In Colombia, eh, they hire me as an airline pilot in Avianca, their company.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nMy wife, also, she was a teacher in Romania. And eh, when we got the possibility to enjoy our vacation, we decided in ‘55 to spend one month here, United States of America. Myself, I was familiar with America because I was flying between Colombia and United States. But my wife didn’t know anything up to that time about United States.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nWhen we reach [CLEARS THROAT] New York -\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\n- she said, “I will never leave that place!” She put me back to the wall! “You do whatever, but myself, I am going to stay here!” Therefore -\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\n- we went to the immigration with her documents. She was a teacher. And they said, “Okay! Indeed! We have a possibility to bring her the resident visa of United States, provided, as teacher, she is able to be hired by a school here in United States.”\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nMeanwhile, myself, a airline pilot, I was not a American citizen, I was a former refugee fr- a former refugee from Romania. I could try here in New York City [TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE: Unsure of this phrase]. They got, you know, pilots. And, eh, I receive a proposition to fly for an outfit, it was called Air Liban.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nNM: So you retired from being a pilot at age 60, right?\n\nDR: Automa- it was an obligatory retirement imposed by the rules, the revision [TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE: Unsure of this phrase] rules of America. Somehow it’s kind of universal action, because the France, Italy, Europe, Germany, also everybody, 60, they were sent to pasture, to go home. 60! But when you have to be 65 in States to enjoy your social security payment. Therefore I went to labor the part-time! They- they let me go because they say it was according to the law. What can I do? I’m only 60! Oh! “What’s your background?” [TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE: Did not understand a few words here] You join us as a [LAUGHS] language translator, because I spoke Romanian, French, Spanish, of course, broken English. [LAUGHS]\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nNM: So, who did you work to be a translator? Who hired you as a translator?\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nDR: The New York State government!\n\nNM: Uh huh.\n\nDR: Because they got a conflict, eh, between employee and the employer. Where someone leave the job or is fired, someone got to decide if that individual lost his job, eh, lost the job because he cannot perform [TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE: Unsure of this phrase] or some other. The man who translate that make the decision. I was in the position to make the decision if unemployed people are entitled to unemployment benefits or not.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nWhen I reach 65 -\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nI retire myself. 65. I go, “I don’t want to make money anymore.”\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nNM: So what did you enjoy most about your job as a pilot and what did you enjoy most in your job as a translator?\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nBeing the pilot is the best, most beautiful occupation!\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nEven today I am dreaming. Dreaming, of flying.\n\nNM: Following Tony O’Reilly and Dimitru Radu, Christopher Boles recounts a number of jobs held throughout Ireland and Northern Ireland in the 1940s and 50s. While telling stories of work, he references several political circumstances present at the time, such as changing mining industries in Ireland and Canada contributing to conditions for emigration, as well as systematic inequities in Northern Ireland granting Protestants access to jobs and housing over Catholics. For further context about Ireland in the mid-20th century, hear our version of a condensed history in Episode 3.\n\nLet’s listen.\n\n[THIRD ORAL HISTORY BEGINS, with CHRISTOPHER BOLES]\n\nCHRISTOPHER BOLES: I was f- yeah, at 16, I went to bartend in Belfast, and uh, in the north of Ireland at that time, they had a policy that they brought into the government. There were too many people going from the south of Ireland to the north of Ireland to work, ‘cause there was more money and more jobs there. So, they brought in this rule, that you have to apply for a residence -\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\n- permit, to work and stay in Belfast. So I went to Belfast, and I got a job in the bar, apprentice. And I was just there three months. I applied for a residence permit. And in three months, I got my word back, I was declined. So I had to go back.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nShipbuilding was going on there at that time. There was a lot of- all the, all the Protestant people got the work in the shipyards, they were the good jobs. The Catholics couldn’t get them. A lot of prejudice in Belfast at that time between Catholics and Protestants.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nThey figured, it didn’t bother you, if you got a job and you’re workin’. So, eh, it didn’t work for me, so I, um, came home and I got a job in Bundoran, that a seaside place that summer. That summer. When that summer was over, I said, “I think I’ll go back up to Belfast again and see what happens.” So I went back up and, now I got more experience and I got more money, and I had a fine job bartendin’, and I decided I would not apply for a residence permit this time, and I didn’t! And sure enough, I was there about three months and they caught up to me. [LAUGHS] Back down south again.\n\nES: Disappointing, right?\n\nCB: Disappointing. Yes, very disappointing. So, uh, I- that was- a lot of hardships [TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE: Unsure of this phrase] that year.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nSo, there was some relative, had just opened a coal mine in a place called Arigna which is -\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\n- eight or nine miles away from where I lived. So the owner of this mine, he was married to a cousin o’ mine, one of the girls from Dublin, my father’s brother’s family, and he wanted my brother, an older brother of mine to go work for him to weigh the coal.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nMy brother didn’t want this job, and I just only heard them talkin’ about it in the house, and I decided myself, “I think I’ll go out and look for that job myself.” [LAUGHS] \n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nSo I went out to the coal mine, and it was up kind of a little mountain, and it was very soggy and wet goin’ up there. And I had to park a bicycle about, oh, I don’t know, far. A quarter of a mile away from the mine, and walk the rest of the way. So I got to the mine, so the foreman was there, the one who was doin’ the job but he was goin’ to another job, so he didn’t know which brother I was or anything like that, so I just told him I was out for the way master’s job so he just showed me how to do it and says, “Be there the next day.” So- [LAUGHS]\n\nES: How long did you do that for?\n\nCB: I lasted for two months. If I had stayed another two months, I’d be dead because it was terrible, terrible work altogether.\n\nES \u0026 PM: Oh...\n\nCB: Gettin’ there was the hardest part! Ridin’ the bicycle so far and then walkin’ up the side of the mountain! [LAUGHS] Then -\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\n- I could never bring enough to eat, I was starvin’ all the time! So, luckily enough, I got fired after.\n\nES \u0026 PM: [LAUGH TOGETHER]\n\nCB: And some other relative had got the job, and he only lasted one week!\n\nES \u0026 PM: [LAUGH TOGETHER]\n\nCB: So I figured I did good, I was there for two months!\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nES: What prompted you coming to this country?\n\nCB: It was kind of a way of life, that time. Everybody was going somewhere, and I kind of had it stuck in my head that I was going to go… somewhere.\n\nPAT MCCLUSKEY: What year was this around? What year was, uh-\n\nCB: [CLEARS THROAT] I left in 19- January 1954, but I went to Canada first. I decided to try Canada. Somebody- there was word out about somebody discovering uranium up in Canada somewhere. I said, “Let me see and go if I can find some of this uranium!” [EXHALES] But it was so cold in Toronto, the first day I walked down the street -\n\nES: [LAUGHS]\n\nCB: - ha, forget about that uranium!\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\n[BACKGROUND MUSIC BEGINS TO FADE IN]\n\nES: How did you wind up in New York, then? Did your brother talk you into it? [LAUGHS]\n\nCB: Well, eventually, no- eventually-\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nI heard from my brother, and he said he just opened a bar out in Ridgewood, Queens, and would I come down and work for him.\n\nNM: We put together the next set of stories to think about receiving support, whether with finding jobs, getting paychecks, or organizing with fellow workers. These clips come from oral histories with Alfredo Cornejo, Chun-hee Kim, and Luna Ranjit.\n\nWe start the collection with Alfredo Cornejo, who recounts how his business plans and migration were impacted by a friend’s unexpected passing, and how he received support from others after arriving to the U.S. Let’s think about different ways to build support and community in work, and listen closer.\n\n[FOURTH ORAL HISTORY BEGINS, with ALFREDO CORNEJO]\n\nALFREDO CORNEJO: I came to this country knowing nobody, and eh, at the beginning, I slept in phone booths of the bus terminal, at the train station, or you know. When they told me what I was doing there, I moved from one place to the other one.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nSometimes, I moved two, three times. Oh… Yes.\n\nGONZALO PASSANO, interviewer: Oh. So you basically didn’t have a place to stay? \n\nAC: I didn’t have a place to stay at all, yep. Or j- or a job, you know.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nGP: And seeing as you’re a Peruvian financial advisor, I’m guessing you were born in Peru?\n\nAC: Yes. I was born in Peru, yes. Mhm!\n\nGP: Okay, and the economy in Peru was not good, so you came to America. Was your main purpose to come to America for money?\n\nAC: Well, the main purpose was to get ahead. My- my goal was, at the beginning to work, establish myself, you know, renting a room, an apartment, and then go to school and try to obtain a diploma or something that I could use back- back in my home country in Peru. Eh, original, I was supposed to come with a friend, but he… died in an accident a week before we were scheduled to come.\n\nGP: I’m sorry.\n\nAC: And as a consequence, I came by myself. The original idea was to work together, save money together, and then come back to, to Peru and set up a business in Peru, you know? We had many ideas, that eh, that- but everything changed when he passed away.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nThat was my idea then! I was young at the time, I was 20 years old, and that’s what I thought, yeah!\n\nGP: Wow. So, since you were young! So, wait, so since you came here when you were so young- you said you were 20 years old, right? Did you face any discrimination or struggle as a Latino when you were here?\n\nAC: To be honest to you, I never felt that. On the contrary, eh, remember, you know, I went to live to New Jersey at the beginning trying to find a job because someone told me about a job. And I came to New Jersey. This person, this guy from Puerto Rico, he helped me so much, and he introduced me to a few people.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nAnd, eh, they encourage me to learn the language and to study.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nI knew how to write and read English but to speak the language was hard.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nThen, eh, that’s what I did. I worked hard -\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nWhen I begin to work in New Jersey back in those years, I used to walk 20, 30 blocks to go to work. I had no car, no nothin’, not even a bike, no nothin’. And, you know, they used to see me, and they used to tell me, “Do you want a ride?” And by their expression, I knew that they meant that, if I wanted ride! And they said yes, and they took me! You know? At the beginning, was an older person, there was a young person, a young girl, a young man.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nI got a lot of help from unknown persons, you know? Yep.\n\n[FIFTH ORAL HISTORY BEGINS, with CHUN-HEE KIM]\n\nCHUN-HEE KIM: I worked for the women’s boutique store -\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n- in Manhattan. It was so hard. For nine hours, I had to stand up. I could not, you know, sit down for nine hours. I had only lunch break time for twenty minutes and I had to work and work and work. That time, in New York, the women’s boutique store business was so good. All day, it was really, really, really, really busy. And I worked like a... dog, or a horse. And every night, I had a cramp in my legs. So painful.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nThey pay me in cash, so two hundred dollars, weekly. And I had worked for, you know, for 58 hours.\n\nRICHARD LEE, interviewer: Standing.\n\nCK: Yeah. And then, before, you know, I left Korea, we could- I, you know, left, you know, my girls there, right? So I, you know, taught, you know, my older daughter when was, uh, she was, uh, five. I taught her, you know, to write Korean so we could, you know, exchange, you know, letters.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nIt was a Saturday, pay day. Pay day? And, you know, in the morning, you know, in the morning, uh, I had, you know, prepared a letter for my daughter, send it to Seoul. So, and, you know, pay day’s Saturday. I got the, you know, the check, cash in the CitiBank envelope, so I had, you know, two envelope, right?\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nSo on the way, you know, on the way to the F train station, station, you know, the Third Avenue, Fifty-Third Street, so I, you know, dropped in, you know, the mailbox, letter for my daughter. But, you know, when I came home, when I opened my, you know, purse, my, you know, pocket book, to take out, you know, my lunch box, oh my God! Letter was there!\n\nRL: [LAUGHS]\n\nCK: [LAUGHS] The envelope with the letter was there! And my, you know, envelope with the cash was- I dropped! So it was my, you know, one-week, you know income. So that time, we just lived, you know, week-to-week, right? Oh my god! So, you know, I called the 1-1-4, 1-1-4, and you know, I explained what happened to me. She said- she, you know, gave me the headquarter of the post office, so, you know, I called them and I explained. And they ask me, “What street, the mailbox located?” I said, “Third Avenue, Fifty-something.” And he said, “Okay, nine o’clock, the truckman will, you know, ‘round. Collect, you know, the letters from all the, you know, the mailbox, so you can go to, you know, the Fifty-Third, Fifty-Third Street on Third Avenue. There’s a huge, beautiful building, post office building. So you go there and, you know, talk to them.” Yeah. So I went there, you know. Everybody, you know, left. Only the night shift, you know, people, you know, were there, and I explained to them, and they say, “Okay, you just wait. Maybe they will, you know, finish, you know collecting and they will come back here, so you wait.” So, it was around eleven o’clock.\n\nRL: Okay.\n\nCK: Eleven o’clock. And all the s- post office, you know, the workers stopped doing! Everybody just loo- I just described how it looked like. I said, you know, CitiBank, you know, envelope and red and blue and green, you know, line was there. So, the night shift, you know, stopped their work! And th-\n\nRL \u0026 CK: [LAUGH TOGETHER]\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nSo at last, two hours, almost two hours I was waiting there, and ‘round eleven-thirty, one guy, you know. [SOUND OF PAPER WAVING] [LAUGHS] “We found it!” That one guy, you know, brought, you know, that envelope! The two-hundred dollar cash was there. So it was my second, you know, unforgetful, you know, memory in United States.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nRL: What did you know about New York before you moved here?\n\nCK: New York? New York- before, you know, I came to New York, I heard from all the Koreans, they had to just work, work, work, work. No ma- no matter how, you know, highly they educated.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nThey have to do, just you know, the very, you know, hard, you know, physical work. So, you know, mentally I was prepared for it.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nSo, very hard, and discrimination. Racial discrimination. And nobody will be- nobo- I don’t have anybody, you know, be warm to me, you know? I did not expect anybody, you know?\n\nNM: Following Alfredo Cornejo and Chun-hee Kim, we end this episode with clips from an oral history with Luna Ranjit who recounts memories of co-founding the non-profit organization Adhikaar. We’ll introduce Adhikaar in the organization’s words, as a “women-led worker \u0026 community center that serves \u0026 organizes the Nepali-speaking immigrant and refugee community.”\n\n[SIXTH ORAL HISTORY BEGINS, with LUNA RANJIT]\n\nMEERA NAIR, interviewer: Can you tell me a little bit about the beginnings of Adhikaar?\n\nLUNA RANJIT: [INHALES] Ah, the beginnings of Adhikaar, it sort of just happened. I wasn’t planning on building this big organization that it has become now. Um, I was really new to the city, I was barely making connections, but everywhere I went, though, that people not recognizing the community, everyone saying that, “Oh, you’re the first Nepali I’ve met!” That, and seeing that there are research on South Asians come out but Nepalis were not included in it, or one study where there are, like, Nepalis were interviewed but dropped from the final analysis because we’re not statistically significant. And which, you know, as someone who has studied statistics, makes sense, right? But as a Nepali, that just didn’t jive well with me. I didn’t want to be statistically insignificant, right?\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nBut also, um, seeing then, like, you know, meeting people in Jackson Heights and talking to people, you know, they haven’t seen their family members for a decade or more and people hadn’t gone to a doctor visit. Some people being afraid, people not getting paid for work they had done. So those stories sort of just motivated me towards, like, doing something. But doing something at the beginning still in my mind and, like, the four of us who started it was sort of like, “Can we work within an existing structure? Can we work within a South Asian organization? Can we work within a Nepali organization?” But, we couldn’t find a good space for what we were really looking to do, and so, we started the organization in 2005. We had no money. Literally, it was me coming to Jackson Heights with my backpack. So basically, I used to call it like, the portable office. [LAUGHS] And, you know, just hanging out in Jackson Heights and talking to anyone and everyone who would want to talk to me. But, I also used to live in Staten Island so it was two hours commute each way, and just talking to people and listening to a lot of stories, that’s how it started. But it really- I mean- oh. I’m young, and you know, I’m a woman, and I am a new face, so not a good combination for people to trust or, like, think of me as someone with solutions. You know. And so, for the longest time, it was not easy, but slowly. I think it’s really being present all the time, everywhere. I think I slowly started gaining trust, and then also started making connections and started talking to South Asian organizations and talking to Nepali organizations and trying to find some key leaders within the community as well. Not necessarily people- leaders as in not like people who were, like, head of organizations or whatever, but like, people- I saw them, that other people went to for advice or sort of had some influence in the community. Having their support also helped early on, and so we, um, started really, really small.\n\n[AUDIO CUT]\n\nThings just really took off. I think, we’re, uh-\n\n[BACKGROUND MUSIC BEGINS TO FADE IN]\n\n- Adhikaar arrived at a time when the community was growing, and so we met- tapped into an unmet need, but also, we tapped into people who were ready to take action, and so that helped a lot.\n\nOUTRO\n\nNM: Thank you for listening with us on the Queens Memory Podcast.\n\nVisit our show notes blog at Queens Memory dot org. There, you’ll find full transcripts and written translations of this episode, and more to listen to from our archives. We’ve also added reading recommendations from Queens Public Library’s collections as well as resources from local community organizations. And, if you want your stories to join those you heard today and become part of our archives, head to Queens Memory dot org forward slash participate or to our show notes to find out more.\n\nI’d like to thank our producer Adriene Lara and our composer Elias Ravin. A warm thank you to Ro Garrido for providing fundamental collaboration and support, and to Richard Lee and Molly Schwartz for offering their guidance and wisdom. Thanks also to the Queens Public Library and the Institute of Museum and Library Services for hosting and funding this podcast. Finally, thank you to all the interviewees, interviewers, interns, and volunteers for collecting and sharing the stories that make this podcast possible.\n\nIf you’re listening with others, and want to reflect together, here are some guiding questions: What kinds of work have you done? How did you come to do that work? What role does it play in your life? Find us next on our sixth episode on residence, and consider the different places we’ve stayed and how we got there.\n\nListen with us next time on Queens Memory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/105/collection_resources/61524/file/138736#t=0.0,2289.92944"}]}]}]}