{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/qr4nk36v33/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["June Tauber Golden Oral History"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/010/original/Aviary_QPLlogo_192x192.png?1578574261","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary of Full Interview\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJune Tauber Golden is a graduate of Queens College Class of 1963 and in this interview, she recalls her involvement in both the Jamaica and Virginia Student Help Projects as a tutor. The Student Help Project was a student-led initiative to tutor young Black elementary school students in Jamaica, Queens. The Jamaica initiative of the Student Help Project engaged approximately 500 Queens College students who volunteered to tutor more than one thousand educationally disadvantaged and under-resourced students across New York City. On the other hand, the Virginia Student Help Project was a six-week long educational effort where Queens College students went to Prince Edward County, Virginia where public schools were closed for five years in massive resistance to federally mandated integration.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWhile Tauber Golden gives a general view of her tasks participating in both branches of the Student Help Project, she especially reflects on the power of the emotional reactions she had while participating as a tutor locally and in Virginia and how those feelings still resonate in her life today.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCC BY-NC-SA Contact digitalarchives@queenslibrary.org for research and reproduction requests.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["http://digitalarchives.queenslibrary.org/search/browse/40437"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2020-11-18 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Tags"]},"value":{"en":["Queens College Alumni"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["June Tauber Golden (Interviewee)","Victoria Fernandez (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Interview conducted as part of the Queens College “Student Help: Lived Experience” Project."]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["1960s (temporal)","Queens College and Jamaica, Queens, NY; Prince Edward County, VA (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary of Full Interview\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJune Tauber Golden is a graduate of Queens College Class of 1963 and in this interview, she recalls her involvement in both the Jamaica and Virginia Student Help Projects as a tutor. The Student Help Project was a student-led initiative to tutor young Black elementary school students in Jamaica, Queens. The Jamaica initiative of the Student Help Project engaged approximately 500 Queens College students who volunteered to tutor more than one thousand educationally disadvantaged and under-resourced students across New York City. On the other hand, the Virginia Student Help Project was a six-week long educational effort where Queens College students went to Prince Edward County, Virginia where public schools were closed for five years in massive resistance to federally mandated integration.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWhile Tauber Golden gives a general view of her tasks participating in both branches of the Student Help Project, she especially reflects on the power of the emotional reactions she had while participating as a tutor locally and in Virginia and how those feelings still resonate in her life today.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCC BY-NC-SA Contact digitalarchives@queenslibrary.org for research and reproduction requests.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Queens Public Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Queens Public Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/010/original/Aviary_QPLlogo_192x192.png?1578574261","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/111/789/small/thumbnail_111789_1708100239.jpg?1708082330","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Tauber-Golden-June-1182020.mp4"]},"duration":6934.84,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/111/789/small/thumbnail_111789_1708100239.jpg?1708082330","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-queenslibrary.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/111/789/original/Tauber-Golden-June-1182020.mp4?1619101673","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":6934.84,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Full Interview Transcript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay, so we're officially recording and I want to start by introducing ourselves. I'm Victoria Fernandez. I am the 2020-2021 Freda S. And J. Chester Johnson Civil Rights and Social Justice Archives Fellow at the Queens College Library. And today is November 18th, Wednesday, November 18th, 2020. And we're doing this recording using Zoom Video Conferencing, and it's being recorded for the Queens College Special Collections and Archives, along with the Queens Memory Project. So I'll turn it over to you, June.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=0.0,36.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I'm June Tauber Golden. I was a student at Queens College in— I graduated Class of 1963. And at that time I was involved in civil rights and free speech activities. And I'm here to share that with whatever information you want to hear about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=36.0,61.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Yeah, I'm so happy to have you. So just for anybody watching in the future, the interview is part of an initiative to document the activities of Queens College students who were active in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. More specifically, we'll be talking about the Student Help Project as that initiative, both in Jamaica and in Virginia. And we'll, I'll ask you more about the project and your participation later on, but to get started, I'd love to know where did you grow up and how would you describe your neighborhood?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=61.0,93.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I grew up, actually, in the Bronx. I, I ended up at Queens College for an interesting reason that I'll tell you a little later. And I grew up in an area— it was, we were originally born, I was originally born in Manhattan and we moved out of Manhattan because both of my parents worked in the neighborhood. It was on the West side, was very dangerous, according to our babysitters, and then spent many years trying to get back. But I grew up in Parkchester, which ironically, thought that it was, and we knew this was absurd, that it was a balanced, integrated neighborhood. To them, that meant one third Catholic, one third Protestant, one third Jewish. So completely white. And I was very aware that that was strange and odd because my parents had [Black] friends and we had [Black] friends that we would see, we'd invite them in and we'd go out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=93.0,144.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: So, but Parkchester was a middle-class neighborhood. The schools were extremely good. They had part— both of my parents were teachers. My father became a college dean and they both were aware that parental pressure on the schools was very important for getting good courses, good teachers, good activities. So I grew up aware of the importance of education, but also of involvement in the education process. I went to the Bronx High School of Science, which was again, a public school, but you had to take an exam to get into it. And it was, I think the education was excellent. And my parents and my sister, brother, and I were very committed to public education. I went to Queens College, which my older sister had also gone to, because it was out of town [to me] because I lived in the Bronx. I actually took an apartment over somebody's garage in Forest Hills.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=144.0,208.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: My parents wanted me— my father was then a dean at one of the city colleges and wanted me to at least start in the city college system. And Queens seemed the most remote to everyone I knew and where I knew and was exotic to me. So, but I also knew, because I did some research that the areas I was interested in, they had a fabulous Music Department and a terrific English Department and seemed to have very fine teaching. And I found that to be true. There were other things that I discovered about it that was very interesting. It was a, even then, an international community among the student body. And there was some positive exploitation of that. And I began to learn things about other cultures from people who had come from them. And it had an intense— among student body, which I was more tuned into and then the faculty. An intense interest in equity, in civil rights, in integration was the issue then, and in peace issues, and free speech. I mean, it seemed to be very alive and very tuned in, it was not as far away from everything as I thought it would be. And that was of great interest to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=208.0,293.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And even as a student, you were, you were sort of in touch with those sorts of issues and that's why Queens College was on your radar?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=293.0,301.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: No, but they, those issues became on my radar when I started at Queens College. I, I thought I was sort of getting away from things, which probably nobody else, because they were mostly from Queens, felt. But it was— and there was something about not living at home, which I know takes place there now. And but there was a sense of life and I think it was maybe the homes that people came from. I don't know, I wasn't researching it, but there was a real involvement in the world. I remember I became involved in Student Government and the newspaper, and I remember we once sent a resolution to the United Nations from the student, from the student body and the Student Government at Queens College because we were listening to them and they should be listening to us. So there was a very interesting involvement and we, and then I'll stop. We actually had the first free speech demonstration, which then was picked up by Columbia. And then one of the people who was in our march went out to Berkeley and did it in Berkeley, but we were kind of the, the birthplace of that. So there was a sense of real involvement in the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=301.0,378.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: That's great. And so when did— to backtrack a little bit, when did you start at Queens College? What year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=378.0,383.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: 1959","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=383.0,384.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay. And I'm just interested, you mentioned your parents very briefly and, and their interest in education as educators themselves. Were there other political views that influenced you, aside from, like, the education realm?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=384.0,401.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: From my parents, you mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=401.0,406.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=406.0,407.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Yes. They, I would hear discussions at home. My, my parents were involved— Now I, I would say I wasn't alive. I was probably alive, but not salient to the point at that time. They were involved in the Teacher's Union. My father had volunteered and gone off to World War II because he was very interested in, in fighting and protecting American democracy. They were— my mother was a Russian immigrant that, even though was a very little child, but came here loving America. Her father used to read the Constitution to her at dinner. She tried to do that to us once, and of course that was, we were smart-ass [unclear] kids. But there was a sense of, of— McCarthyism was discussed at home and stifling of free speech. Antisemitism was discussed home and there was a sense of, of how you protect these rights and a passionate love of America and democracy. And I think it came from, I think seeing the threat of, which I didn't feel but my parents would know best on what had happened prior to, and during World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=407.0,479.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And did your siblings feel the, kind of share this enthusiasm also or share this interest?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=479.0,484.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: My, my sister did somewhat. She was a little quieter than me. We couldn't all be like me because there's no room for anybody to listen. My sister did. My brother particularly, and he went into, he, he ended up majoring in political science and, and became very involved in politics and McCarthy, the good McCarthy campaign in the sixties. So yes, I think it, it, it enlivened our lives and was very important to all of us. Which I only realized now, when you asked me about it, it was just some so integrated into our life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=484.0,522.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: No, it definitely sounds that way. And it's interesting to hear that, you know, it was a dinner table conversation. It was very normalized in your household. So you sound, it sounds very publicly aware.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=522.0,535.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I, I don't know that I would call our dinner conversations normal, but—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=535.0,538.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Well, [laughter]. No, but definitely engaging. Maybe that's a better word. So you mentioned, you threw a lot out there and I was jotting some stuff down because I'm interested to know what your campus experience was like, including your roles in the Student Government and the newspaper. How did that, how did that sort of shape your college career aside from the Student Help Project?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=538.0,563.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Well, I think probably the main thing it did is take up a lot of time. It became an— and again, it became easier for me because I was living alone in an apartment over somebody's garage. And so I could stay late, I could go home. You know, it was a little bit easier to get very involved in things. It, it just occurred to me, our Student Government was very involved, again, in the world, in activities, and things, and right and wrong. And the newspaper was the clarion voice. I mean, it was— and I also knew, oddly enough, there had been some efforts to censor the newspaper and one of the poetry magazines. Coming in I knew about that. And again, my sister had been there. We didn't overlap, but she had been there before me, so I knew about that. So I knew that, that it was very important to keep that. And, and newspapers were always important in our house. It was important to keep— and I considered the campus newspaper a real newspaper. So it was important to keep that voice alive. And then Student Government seemed to be directing and informing an, an active part of, of our life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=563.0,639.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And what years were you in, in both organizations? If you can recall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=639.0,643.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Probably entered Student Government I think the second year when I was a sophomore, it was in '61, two and remained involved in it, I became eventually the secretary of the Student Government. That was, now that was an assigned, not an elected position. And it was not, trust me, it was not a secretary who typed or took notes because I would not have been appointed that. It was actually a political, organizational input. And the, the newspaper, probably '62, '63.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=643.0,687.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay, great. And can you just tell me a little bit more, I'm interested to hear about the Free Speech Movement that you mentioned?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=687.0,696.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Yes, okay. Briefly, hopefully. Again, the campus had been an open forum for ideas, and that was terrifically exciting. You do remember, of course, this is before CNN, this is before NPR, so far as I know. I mean, there were no other inputs that you had to what was going on in the world and, and touching base. You could read things, but you— people came and spoke to us. And I remember we had one, we had a forum and one person, one at the forum there was somebody from the New Republic, the Buckley publication [The National Review], which I'm going to forget.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=696.0,738.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: We had a left wing, a right wing and I.B. Singer. So we had— and these people were speaking to us and telling us, we read these magazines, but they were bringing these issues on campus. And so we were free to invite anybody we wanted. Malcolm X had been invited and Benjamin Davis, who was the secretary of the Communist Party. Nobody was particularly signing up for it but, you know, for the party, but we wanted to hear all these ideas. The second time Malcolm X was invited, they decided that they were going to censor it. Either he or Ben Davis, I can't remember which one, but they— we were censored, we were not allowed to invite them. And we thought, well, wait a minute. First of all, they'd been there before and nobody had turned, grown horns and pitchforks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=738.0,785.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Wh— when were Malcolm X and Brian [Ben] Davis there before?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=785.0,789.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Okay, I think it was '61. '60, '61 because the protests— I have these clippings somewhere in my house, which I can send you. I think that the Free Speech Movement was '63 [Free Speech Movement was November 1961]. It was before Berkeley and before Columbia. But they were invited and frankly when they had come, there was a modest amount of people who came. You know, there were always a lot of different things you could go to at those times. But by— it, it was so stupid. By censoring them, by saying they couldn't come, suddenly it became of great interest, and of even greater interest is why are you censoring? You know, free speech was a very, very important concept that had never really been challenged. That's what universities were for. And what we did, and Ken Warner was the president then and I was the secretary so it must've been '62, is we had a protest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=789.0,849.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: We had a demonstration. And we asked people to come to the campus and not go to class, to protest. And, you know, if we can't hear ideas, we're not going to hear any ideas, and we're going to make a point. And we had some faculty support. And there were, we were interviewed on the news and there was, you know, we counted the number of people who weren't in class, who were supportive of us. And there was a editorial in the Columbia student newspaper saying this is outrageous, we support free speech. And then— his name will come to me in a little bit. Somebody [Mario Savio] who was marching with us then went out to Berkeley and started the Berkeley Free Speech Movement. So it was a major galvanizing point on campus. And then not everybody, you know, a lot of people were coming to get a degree and then go on to graduate and become, you know, doctor, lawyer, Indian chief, as we all were. But they didn't really want to interrupt that with something like this, but there were people who said, \"No, this is extremely important.\" And, and we challenged the then— it turned out to be a new president, the then president and made an impact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=849.0,923.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And so the, the censure of people being invited to campus to speak, as well as you said before, the newspaper, at some point, where was that pressure coming from? The, the school administration? Just the President?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=923.0,938.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: It was the, to censure it was the President and then the Dean of Students acting on the President's directive, I guess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=938.0,946.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And, and, and their names, if you, if you recall? The President's?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=946.0,951.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I think his name— I will find these clippings for you. I mean, they're big headline clippings. I think his name was Stokes, President Stokes [President Harold Stoke]. And the Dean— I can, I can supply this [Dean James Kreuzer]. I mean, I, I'm making it sound like I'm going to rat them out. I mean, this was all well-known and it's— what I will do is refresh my memory and then send you the information.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=951.0,973.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Yeah, of course. And it's definitely something that I should brush up on also and information that's actively available. We have all our yearbooks online, too, you know, from many years at Queens College. So yeah. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=973.0,988.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: And, and we also were, how do I say this politically. Well, we were under the microscope of a very right-wing group in the Catholic church that at one time also wanted to close down the student newspaper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=988.0,1009.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: You're— so you're saying we were under a microscope, the campus itself?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1009.0,1013.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Yeah. Yeah. Which was sort of absurd because most of the people in the fabulous Philosophy Department, most of the professors, were graduates of Fordham and Jesuit tradition, which is a, you know, a wonderful free, you know, free-thinking, free speaking. But there was a sort of right-wing element that I think was in the borough of Queens that were apparently reading the newspaper because we had a problem with that also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1013.0,1044.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And was this from a particular church or just—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1044.0,1047.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: It, it was a faction of the Catholic church. It was— there was a name of it and I can't remember. I think I have information on that also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1047.0,1059.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Yeah. No, that's definitely fascinating. And so [crosstalk]—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1059.0,1065.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Not to say the entire Catholic church. This was just one extreme faction of it that was obsessed with Queens College.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1065.0,1074.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Yeah. No, of course. And I'll definitely take a look after, after our conversation and see. It's very interesting to hear especially for a church to be so taken by a public institution. But while you were, while you were talking before, it, it, the question comes to my mind these student movements and, and activist kind of activities that were happening while you were there, what was sort of the diversity level of them? I know Queens College was particularly overwhelmingly white, even though you said that they had an international student community. Who were participating in these movements?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1074.0,1118.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Again, I'm being called upon, rightfully so, but to sort of stereotype. The ones around me seemed to be, and I think this is probably true of all, I'm not saying this was a revolution, but of all re—, rev—, revolutions. They seem to be— [phone ringing in background]. Shut up. They seemed to be— Let me just tell them I can't talk right now. I'll have to call you back. Or I won't. [Phone ringing in background] Sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1118.0,1150.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: They, they seemed to be, I think, comfortably middle-class, predominantly white. There was a wonderful group, and this gets into the civil rights, of Catholic students called the Newman Club. Which was absolutely wonderful and they were a big part of all of the movements that we were doing. There were a large number, cause I think there were a larger number, of Jewish students who were involved, who— again, of a liberal bent. But it was predominantly white. And probably middle-class because probably the ones who were really poor were taking after-school jobs or something like that. You know, were not, you need, I think you need luxury to have a revolution. I, I keep saying revolution, it was— well, it was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1150.0,1212.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Yeah, definitely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1212.0,1214.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: And we didn't have very many Black students, I think. Although I know that in the, in the programs that I was involved in, in Jamaica tutorial and in Prince Edward, and in which I was going to be involved in Mississippi, subsequently, I did meet Black students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1214.0,1233.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay. That were Queens College students?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1233.0,1236.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: From Queens College, yeah. You, you tended to meet people who were in your classes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1236.0,1240.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay. So this, it seems like a great segue for me to ask you, how did you, how did you hear about, get involved, get interested in the Student Help Project?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1240.0,1250.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Well, I was always aware of civil rights and issues and in those days, integration. Voting was just bubbling up, but the unfairness and the inequities that existed. And again, I think I went to a lecture and I heard about this, and then I heard that there was a program beginning in Jamaica for tutoring kids. And again, I think all of us at Queens College, or the ones that I knew, education was keystone. We were not, you know, children of the wealthy or the powerful or whatever. And I thought these kids, whoever they are, if they're being deprived, I'm going to try and help them. Maybe that's a little thing that I can contribute. And we were thoroughly vetted and thoroughly trained. I was not an education major. And really well-prepared. And I'll tell you the one surprise I had for the Jamaica tutorial.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1250.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: And it felt very good. First of all, I, you know, you loved the kids cause these were kids who, even if the parents had dragged them in, somebody had gotten them to want to learn more and do better, and so those are kids you love. And it was exciting to help them. And sometimes there were kids who were perfectly well-educated, but like all of us, they had one niche they couldn't get through, math it might've been. Or, you know, they were great in math, but they were sloppy in reading. And so it was just wonderfully helping them along. And as I remember, I think all of the kids that I tutored were Black, but they were not all from Jamaica because one of them took me on a tour of St. Alban's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1308.0,1358.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Now, I don't know if you're from Queens or, and I didn't know Queens very well. Well, St. Alban's was like going through Scarsdale, in the sense that Scarsdale was remote to me also, but it was this beautiful community of well-kept homes and what looked to me, since I lived in a rental apartment so I didn't know what was expensive, look— looked like very expensive, beautiful homes. This was not poor downtrodden. It was, it was clearly a Black neighborhood, but I thought \"This was great, I mean, this is wonderful and I'm happy to tutor the kids coming from there as well.\" But I was introduced to that community and the community of leaders and, and doers and achievers and that was just nice for me to feel like the one that needed help.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1358.0,1408.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And, and you mentioned you weren't an Education major. What major were you in at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1408.0,1414.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I was an English major, but in those days you could be English and Speech. I think they ended up calling it Communication, and then a minor Anthropology because I became very interested in cultures and communities and— And anthropology, I discovered, this is a little off-track, but I discovered studying anthropology was like studying journalism because you had to walk into an environment with no preconceived notions and really absorb everything that was going on and report on it. And that's, it was really good training for a future life, but it was a very eye-opening experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1414.0,1456.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Definitely. So, I'm just going to flip this over. My questions about Jamaica, which I'd love to start talking about, is if you want to share a little bit more, what motivated you to tutor with the Jamaica Project?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1456.0,1473.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I, I was given the impression that these were kids whose schools were run down in inadequate, or they were kids who did not know— I was probably adding to this from my experience at home, did not have the home support, which I knew from hearing my parents and growing up was extremely important to learning and to better schools and achievement. And I thought that's unfair. I didn't like things that were unfair and if there was anything that I could do to help. And again, education, I was always led to believe was the key to equal— in my house, we talked about equal opportunity. You may not get equal results or equal achievement, but at least start from a place of equal opportunity. So that was— and when I heard about it, and I attended some of these other lectures in, in I guess the group was the NAACP that had the lectures on campus that sponsored them. And I thought, well, this sounds like something I can do and I'm very anxious to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1473.0,1536.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And did the lectures introduce the project or—?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1536.0,1539.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I think that's where I heard about it, yeah. And then I tried to be au courant about things, so it may have been in the newspaper as well and, and other people may have told me that they were starting. I, I was not one of the initiators, but I was one of the first people that went roaring in there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1539.0,1558.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And for how many semesters did you tutor? Or help? Oh a year, I guess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1558.0,1564.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I think for the length of the program until I graduated. And it was, it might have been a feeder group for Prince Edward, but they, I think they certainly watched. It was very well observed by the Education Department, I believe were the people running it, as to how, who you were, how you were doing, whether you were effective, whether you had the right attitudes, whether you were there for the right reasons. And so at that point, they told me about Prince Edward and I was, either I was invited or invited myself and asked to be a part of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1564.0,1606.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay. Sure. And I'll dive in a little deeper about Prince Edward County later on, but just to get a better idea, what was like a day of you going to tutoring? What did that look like?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1606.0,1624.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Well, I, you went— I'm thinking I went after class, but classes of course were all day long and maybe weekends as well. I really don't remember the day of the week at this point, but you would go over there and I think we were in a church basement, but I'm not exactly certain. And you had your materials and you'd be introduced to your particular student, and then you had worked out what they needed their program. And excuse me, this is water [unclear] in a dark glass. And then you had, I think it was only about an hour that you— You didn't want to, neither of you wanted to wear each other out. And then unprogrammed, you could socialize a little bit with the kids and th— that was how I got a, a tour of the neighborhood one day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1624.0,1683.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And how many— [crosstalk]. Sorry. How many students were you, like tutoring over? It sounds like—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1683.0,1688.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Well you would do one at a time, but I don't remember the total number.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1688.0,1692.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1692.0,1692.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: But there were, there were quite a few of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1692.0,1695.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And how old were they?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1695.0,1699.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: They seem to be about whatever— Do you still call it junior high school or is it called intermediate? I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1699.0,1706.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: I think it's junior high, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1706.0,1708.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: They seemed to be about junior high or lower. There, there were no high school students. They seem to be young. And again, I don't know in the entire group what the range of ages was, that would be up to the Education Department and, but they were not learning to read. They were kids who were already were, so I would think eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, maybe. Maybe a little younger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1708.0,1737.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And how did you prepare? Or did the leaders of the Student Help Project for the Jamaica sect, did they help you prepare to be a tutor?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1737.0,1749.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Now this is different, which we'll get to do Prince Edward because we didn't have any cultural preparation, we had educational preparation. This is how you do. I think I, the first time I ever heard the expression lesson plan, and I remember thinking, \"Oh, we should had life plans. We should have daily plans.\" It seemed like such a great idea, you know? And it was very— clearly, this is what the Education Department does, clearly done to set the objectives and the various things that you would go through with your students. I don't think they said to us, \"Don't be too critical, don't—\" I think that was, they watched and made sure that was our instincts. And it was as, I felt as a teacher, it seemed to be a very well-organized pattern of introducing them to material that, that either they or the teacher had assigned for them to go over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1749.0,1803.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay. And what were your parents' reactions to, to you participating in the, in the Jamaica part?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1803.0,1814.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: You, you're very kind that you think I shared anything with my parents. Don't forget I was living on my own. I, I suspect, cause occasionally I would go home and have dinner with them or something, I sus— I suspect they looked at each other and privately were smiling because I wasn't going to be a teacher because my parents were teachers. So I think that they were very pleased that I was doing it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1814.0,1839.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Right. I asked cause it sounds so right up their alley, in terms of their own tenets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1839.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I did not want to make any, any suggestion that I was driving up their alley or I would make a U-turn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1845.0,1856.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Of course. Yeah. And, I hope I ask this question the right way, but it comes to my mind. Sort of the realities of what, what you had experienced in Parkchester, even though it was also a very white community that you grew up in, were there similarities? Had you ha— had you seen this sort of like educational inequality growing up that you were later involved in with the students in the Jamaica Project?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1856.0,1888.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Yeah, it, it, this is a little touchy. I lived across the street from a very right-wing Catholic church and this is not simply my opinion of it, that's why I was so thrilled when I met the Newman Club and some of the philosophy professors. This was later labeled, they, they later were part of an enormous problem that New York City had and that it was in the newspapers. But a lot of the kids that I grew up with were Catholic because we lived in my sector and were siphoned off to the Catholic church and many of the parents would come and privately try and talk to my parents saying my kids aren't getting educated. There, there was a sort of very restrictive attitude but they were not allowed to send their kids to the public school. So I did hear, overhear conversations. We lived in an apartment so you could hear everything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1888.0,1946.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: And what I didn't hear, my sister could hear and then repeat to me. I, and I did feel that we were getting a better education and I knew from my parents that the parents were involved. I also was in special classes all the time. They were called the, again, the city had condoned this. They were called IGC classes, which is, it was in fou— you maybe took a test, I don't know how you got in. But in our public school, fourth, fifth, and sixth grade, it was supposedly for intelligently gifted children. We called it, called it intelligently gruesome credence. I mean, we, we were kids, we were making names up. But, so I knew that we had, that there were problems amongst some of the other kids and that we had very, very good schools and that a number of the teachers were also parents and it was clearly monitored.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1946.0,1999.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Then in junior high school, I was in what, I think you still have it called, special project where you skipped, you went from seventh grade to ninth grade. You skipped the eighth grade. And again, those were the kids that were siphoned off because they were the IGC, the brighter kids, whatever. You took a test to that. And then Bronx Science was also, you took a test and it was, you know, better education, more intense, partly because the other kids that you were with were kids who were really— I mean, I just celebrated I think two, there was one pul— in my year alone in Bronx Science, there was one Pulitzer Prize winner, one Breakthrough award, which is this new award technology, and a classmate just got the Nobel Prize in chemistry [medicine]. So we were dealing with people who were anxious, even in high school level, anxious to achieve and learn. And we were learning from each other. So in that sense, there was a distinct separation in the levels of education, even starting in the elementary schools.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=1999.0,2064.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay. And this sort of anxious to learn feeling, did you get this from the students that you were tutoring?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2064.0,2075.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Yes. I think that's why— one or two were I think curious about us. I don't know how close they had ever been to, I don't know if we were all white because I was dealing with my students, so I don't know if all the other tutors were, but I think most of us were white and I could see a couple of them looking at us. And I, it was the same curiosity for me a little bit. So yes, they were anxious to learn, but for some of them, it was, you know, well this is fun, let's try this. And I think, to give credit, I think it may have been parental pressure that brought them in and God bless it, that's important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2075.0,2113.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: But did you ever [crosstalk]—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2113.0,2113.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: But none— I'm sorry. None of them were there under protest and, you know, dragging their heels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2113.0,2119.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay. Did you ever interact with the parents or strictly with the students?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2119.0,2124.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Parents came to pick them up and they said, thank you, you know, some of them. And some of the kids just went home by themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2124.0,2131.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2131.0,2131.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Well, all the questions you're asking was different in Prince Edward, when we were living there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2131.0,2135.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Right. Yeah, that, that'll be a different conversation. That's why some of the questions that I have for Prince Edward, I'm trying to apply it to the, to the students in the Jamaica Project, just out of pure interest to see what kind of level of relationships you had with the students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2135.0,2153.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I think they also, and I think this is true of all kids who are positive about getting tutoring, felt that they would achieve more, they would do better. And I think no matter, even the schools that don't give grades, they're all competitive, you know, they all want to— Hello, we all are. We all want to do a little better than we could have done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2153.0,2177.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Right. And do you feel that the tutoring experience was productive for them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2177.0,2183.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: You know, that, it's a wonderful question. And, and I, I'm not sure that I was following them enough or had the right to, to find out whether they, they did better. I could take a very wild guess and suspect the kids that were interested enough or receptive enough to tutoring were going to do better because they had the right attitude and hopefully were not discouraged or, you know, battered down by the system in the schools.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2183.0,2210.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay. And— Oh, I just lost my train of thought. I'm so sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2210.0,2216.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: No, it's okay. My train is going ahead, fast.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2216.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: On the same line, I think I wanted to ask you, did you have any anecdotes from the Jamaica Project that you wanted, that particularly you've kept with you, that, that struck you, that you've kept all these years in your own mind?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2220.0,2234.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: The one which I, without you asking, jumped in was the surprise when the students showed me the neighborhood. Not— I don't know if it was their neighborhood, but showed me St. Alban's, which I was totally unaware of. And it was a, I think, that was a racial, racial eye-opener for me, that was not what the program was about. The program was about we were helping these poor little kids, but some of the kids were showing, you know, look, look who we are, look where we are. And, and that stuck with me. I thought, you know, I think people feel better if they have something good and special and important that they can show you and they're willing to accept your help in an area that you're, you know, you can help them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2234.0,2283.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Right. Yeah. Like a mutual sort of giving. And did you, at any point reconvene with the rest of the students who were volunteers in Jamaica? I never— Talk about, about your, your maybe challenges that you faced, maybe what you did well as a tutor, since a lot of you were early, early college career students that, you know, might not had a focus in education. So.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2283.0,2313.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: It, it may have been that the education students did. I don't, I don't— the Education majors. I don't remember doing that, but it seemed to flow so naturally into the preparation for Prince Edward, that that may have been just integrated into what we were doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2313.0,2330.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay. And I think if you don't have anything more to add about Jamaica, we can, we can start talking about Prince Edward County.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2330.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I think that was it. It did open me up, me, to the excitement of, of teaching, which I had never experienced and felt and, and that feeling— because I always thought education and learning and reading was so critically important, that it really made me feel good to pass that along and help somebody else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2340.0,2362.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: So, last question, did it make you want to change your major in any way, sort of, instead of Anthropology and English Communications, did you want to dabble in Education?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2362.0,2376.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I didn't think majors is what made you do things. But it did make me realize that I loved teaching and it occurred later on in my life that I loved opening people up through teaching and reading.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2376.0,2388.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay, great. So in terms of Prince Edward County, how did, what was that, that bridge between Jamaica and Virginia? How did that come into, into your consciousness?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2388.0,2402.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I think that it was, I don't know for a fact, but I think the same people possibly were organizing it. I knew that you were not allowed— I must've been aware pretty early about Prince Edward, because you were not allowed to even consider that until you had been observed and done some work in the Jamaica tutorials to see whether you were the right kind of person, whether you— because we were, it was a teaching thing that you were going to go into. And then I went to some lectures and learned about the political situation in Prince Edward County. And if I could, without cracking my skull, I'd fall off my chair now because I mean, I could not believe what I heard. And we heard it from, I think it was Reverend Griffin who came up and some other people that a place in the United States could stop public schools.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2402.0,2458.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Now again, I grew up with the notion that this is, you know, how you entered the world on a, on a good plane. I thought that there's something wrong with this. And particularly because they didn't want integration, or I didn't even know what the story, but they didn't want Black kids to get— it was still mind-boggling to me. And I went to some lectures and learned about it and heard that, a way that you could keep these kids, what I thought was alive, was to provide some education until it rolled through the courts or whatever was going to happen. And that even more horrifically, they had opened private academies for the white kids, so it wasn't even oppressing everyone equally. There's something when you oppress everyone equally that maybe it'll burst through and everyone gets healed, but that was— So I think it was a combination of, I had been doing this tutorial, I had heard about it, and then I learned more about it and I thought, \"I, I, I've got to—\" This is some way that I can step into healing, the wounds of the world, particularly the racial inequities I was particularly aware of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2458.0,2540.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Right. And to give some background perhaps anybody who might watch this in the future, schools in Prince Edward County were closed in massive resistance in 1959, when you started at Queens College, for a little bit of a timeline. And what in effect happened was public schools were closed because they didn't want to integrate Black students after, sort of, the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education. And like you said—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2540.0,2566.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: They were, I think, a part of the litigants too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2566.0,2570.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Yes, they were. They were one of the schools to sign on and, and white academies were established, but a lot of these students either did not go to school or were sent— in Prince Edward County, did not go to school or were sent to other county schools so that they could get an education, but at, at, at a toll and expense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2570.0,2589.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Now when you say these kids, you're talking about the Black kids, the white kids, any kids?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2589.0,2592.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: The Black kids in Prince Edward County, yeah. Yeah, just, just to provide a little bit of context with why it was so, why you're saying it's so crazy to think about. But these students were really, they had no access to education or little access that they could afford.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2592.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Yeah. I mean can you, if you can imagine in this year of pandemic where we're trying to, there's nowhere to send anybody to, but you had to find a family that was willing to have your kid live there, that knew your kid, and the kid that was willing to be thrown out of his house, and which is what it was. You have to send them away. I mean, it was craziness. And the issue, it turned out, but we won't get into it too much, was not even integration. It was equity in— it started because the books and the equipment in the Black school was totally deficient. They began by just asking to be on a par.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2610.0,2647.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: I'm actually not that familiar with what the difference between— So if you want to talk more about what you saw in terms of, or what you know about the equity being—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2647.0,2657.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I learned that later. I thought it was about integration and it was, it was their fear of integration, but that was not what started the protest there. What started the protest there is the Black school said, \"Hey, we don't have lab equipment, we don't have books because we're a Black school. Which we shouldn't be, we're a public school in Prince Edward County.\" [Protests started by Barbara Rose Johns]. But, and they went, \"Oh my God, you want to integrate the schools? Okay. We're closing down.\" I mean, it was, there was such inequity in every, and, and outrageousness in every direction from the community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2657.0,2693.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Yeah. Oh, that makes a lot of sense now that you say it. Even to know, in retrospect that, that the immediate and just jarring reaction to why Prince Edward counties were closed, schools were closed is this, this just need to be on the same par for their students just in, in resources is the most basic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2693.0,2717.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2717.0,2718.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: So, I know I asked you before about your parents, and perhaps the answer is the same. Did you tell them that you were going down to Virginia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2718.0,2728.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I'm not sure, but I will say that I was very surprised at the reaction that [phone ringing]— You know, I don't know how to make this one not ring in here, so otherwise I would do it. You saw how much trouble I had just getting on Zoom. They— I remembered them, when I finally did— That was the joy of not living at home. When I finally did let them in on it, they were concerned for my safety.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2728.0,2758.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And when did, when did you— That's after you came back from Virginia, that you—?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2758.0,2762.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: No, it was probably like a week before I left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2762.0,2764.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Oh, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2764.0,2766.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I was very independent. And I was able to be because I wasn't, you know, under their constant eye. And I remember, and the reason I remember this is I remember saying that my father had actually joined the army to go fight for democracy and America and against antisemitism, and that was a dangerous thing to do, but he thought it was the right thing to do. And he was exempt because he was a teacher and at that point had two young children, later three. I said, \"You went to go fight in the war. I'm just going to do a battle.\" And it's not a fight it's— you know, they were a little frightened for my safety. I think they had probably a lot more awareness of some of the dangers than I did. But they were, they were very pleased that that was my instinct and that's what I wanted to do. But I think they then switched into parent-mode and wanted to make sure that I was going to be safe and protected.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2766.0,2831.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Of course. And in terms of awareness, I, I'm sure that they were aware of just the racial climate of, of that time, of the sixties. Did they particularly know of Prince Edward County or know what was going on in Virginia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2831.0,2846.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Nobody knew what, we had never heard the expression Prin— We didn't know from counties, Prince Edward County. I don't think they even knew, and they were pretty much on everything, I don't know that they knew the issues. I had told them about it so by the time we had a conversation, they knew about it. But we were not, this was not widely reported. There were probably little stories somewhere in the back of papers, but I, until I heard about it on campus, I really had not known what was going on there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2846.0,2879.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Sure. Okay. And in terms of before going down there, what do you, can you recall any activities that were organized or that you participated in to prepare or fundraise for Prince Edward County?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2879.0,2893.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Yes, and I think the preparation was absolutely fascinating. One of the things, cause you brought up fundraising, is we did, and I'm not sure if these went to Jamaica or Prince Edward. I think they went to Prince Edward. We had book rallies, book things to get books. And I think I, I went to one in Westchester. I think it was in New Rochelle and there, there were, we collected books at churches and things and they were sent down there. Then we had a fundraiser, maybe it was in Carnegie Hall, I'm not sure. And I think gre— Gregory, what's his first name? The, the Dick Gregory, I think appeared there. And these were fundraising things. Again, I was not so smart as to figure out why you needed fundraising, but of course you needed fundraising to put us up and to open the schools and to have some guards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2893.0,2956.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I mean, I, I wasn't— I was thinking we just go down there and teach, you know. So you can tell I wasn't an economics major. So we did fundraising, but the, that was what we were doing in order to get— We also, the Newman Club had done a project the year before. It was the Newman Club, I think at Yale that had done it. And they had sent some tutors down and some people, and they came and they gave us some information about what they had done and helped us, so they had done an organization of activities the year before. So we had a little bit of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2956.0,2993.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Were they— Did they go down to Prince Edward County as well, or they just went down—?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2993.0,2997.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I don't, I just know that they were, I don't know if they were tutoring or they were just taking— Now the Newman Club is this wonderful Catholic organization that Cardinal Newman was very strong in education. So my thought is that they were tutoring and I know that they had done work like this in Mexico and Prince Edward. They had gone into communities and done tutoring. This was the Newman Club at Yale. We had a Newman Club at Queens College. They came and talked and I listened to what they had done. But Reverend Griffin, who was the head of the NAACP in Virginia, came and talked to us about the community, about what had happened, about— that's, how we learned about the, the academies. Because there wasn't much, unless you got it from people who were there, there wasn't much of a feed of information.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=2997.0,3049.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Although, obviously our organizers meaning the grown-ups, you know, the teachers from the Education Department, were more in touch and, and new things they were telling us. But we also had, in terms of our own preparation, we had people who trained us, and I loved this part, almost culturally-anthropologically. We had to read John Dollard, \"Caste and Class in the Southern Society [Caste and Class in a Southern Town],\" which we had to learn about the South and we had to learn about racial relations in the South. And we had to learn about Black communities in the South, which I think was critical. And, and, Oh my God, I'm not going to forget her name, but there was the woman who put this all together who was a Black education teacher, whom I know and love.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3049.0,3097.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Rachel Weddington.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3097.0,3098.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Rachel Weddington, thank you! She was very, very good in letting us really— and we were a mixed group, we were not all white. And very good at letting us know that we were going into a different culture and we better know about it and respect it. We knew some of the things that were awful. Like if a white person walked down the street, a Black person had to step off the sidewalk. I mean, this was mind-boggling . I had, my parents had, when we were young, driven us down South and we had, we'd seen colored water fountains, which I thought were going to bubble up with liquids that were blue and red and yellow. I mean, this is great, colored water. You know, and, and my father had told us about the horrors of, of segregation. And, and we knew about Emmett Till, you know, w— we knew some of the extreme things, but they were, we had to really learn about the community we were going into.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3098.0,3157.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: The idea being, and I'm sure that this was Dr. Weddington, that, that education was embedded in the community. It was not a separate thing that you could go in, teach them to read, and then, you know, go home. That you were moving into a community and had to know what went on and what the standards were. Not necessarily accept them obviously, but know about it. So we learned a lot about the history about Virginia, and then we went to a lot of group, group, not group therapy. Group, group interaction experiments. That was with, you will know the name of the man who was running that. I think he was in the Education Department, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3157.0,3204.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Sid Simon?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3204.0,3204.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Yes. Thank you. And it was to see how we listened to each other and listened to other people and could interact and could share information so that we were being thoroughly opened up, trained, vetted, educated ourselves in terms of a group dynamic. Because we were going to be living together. This was— I think they were very, very intuitive and smart in training us as people going into a community. Now, there had already, and I had been in one of these trainings, we had been part of the Freedom Riders. So we knew some of the extreme things about, if you go down, you take the shoelaces out of your shoes so that nobody can grab them and hurt you. You know, there had been some civil rights training that we had had and some training, if you go to a demonstration, what you do. And so—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3204.0,3257.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: But tra— but training to say that when you were with the Freedom Riders, that, that training you had separately?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3257.0,3263.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Yes. So, so we knew that sometimes there were things you might not be aware of when you went into a, a situation, a political situation like this. But this was, this was a completely different kind of training to be with each other, to be with other people, in addition to the tutoring and teaching. To deal with the people who were in charge of us. We were going to be living in people's homes and to make sure that we understood that. Things like, which frankly would not have occurred to me, if somebody offered— and this happened to me, if somebody offers you a ride, don't get in. You walk to where you're going. Now, now we know because the world is so dangerous, you tell the kids. But we weren't kids. And I did have a car that pulled up because I was walking through the Black side of the street and very politely said, \"Oh, are you lost? Can I offer you a ride?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3263.0,3317.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I shouldn't be— Listen, I was married to a Southerner, I can make fun of the accent. You know, \"Can I offer you a ride?\" And we were told don't get into those cars. Now that would not have been our instinct, because we didn't think we were in danger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3317.0,3333.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3333.0,3333.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: We did discover when we were there and tragically the following year in Mississippi that, you know, we were. But there was, I thought, excellent training. They didn't cover every instance occasionally, you know, but, but there was training for going into people's homes, the culture, the South, an awareness of who we were and what we projected, as well as the teaching. But it was— we were learning to integrate as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3333.0,3364.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And how, how long did you train for, in these kinds of—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3364.0,3374.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I, I think— Okay. The true answer is, I don't know, but it seemed like it was about from the beginning of the year, which would be January. As soon as we— I think there were months of training and they were in different venues. We went out to Dr. Simon, he lived in Long Beach. I was also learning about Queens, which I didn't know about. He lived in Long Beach and we had a full day session on the beach in which we did group dynamics and listening to each other and exploring ideas. And then we learned more and more about what was going on in Prince Edward, about that when they heard that we were setting up schools, there were a couple of people with white children who said, \"We would like our kids to go to.\" And then by the time we got there, they were so pressured by the community, they were pulled out. And I— one was the dean of the, of the local school Long-something, Longwood. Longwood Academy. And again, to show you how innocent, naive, I was surprised at that because it really hadn't sunk into me how the pressure and how dangerous it was. It's almost like the world we're living in now, so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3374.0,3444.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Right. This might be sort of a leading question. But nonetheless, I'm, I'm curious about were these trainings, did they help you feel— how do I say this? Like, were they sort of break down your kind of naive, city thinking? Being in New York and not necessarily seeing the realities of racial tensions or were they, you know as a white person, were they sort of like to— I don't want to say keep you in check, but that's, that's the only word I can think of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3444.0,3486.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: All of the above. There were things, it was self-awareness, it was projecting things. For example, when you're in trouble, what do you do? Well, the answer was very simple. You call the policemen. Not so fast. This was so deeply a part of our psyche that to hear \"not so fast,\" I mean, they didn't use that kind of flip talk, was, well, what do you mean? Who do you call it? Well, there's a point. You know, there were things— it was learning about ourselves and we were not all white. We were white and Black, Carolyn Hubbard who I adore. She's just fabulous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3486.0,3533.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: But she was, again, I'm labeling, she was middle-class or, you know, from a comfortable, seemingly affluent environment. I, as I said, I'm not an economics, I wasn't an economics major. I didn't know what, I really did not know what rich and poor was in Parkchester. Everybody's apartment looked alike. Cause, I don't know if you know Parkchester is like Stuyvesant Town. Who knew who had any more money than anybody else. You never— we all lived in the same. So it was self-awareness. And again, this was, this was very smart in the part of the people who were training us and probably Reverend Griffin, who said, \"Look, before you,\" you know, \"dump these sweet young things into my community, we got to figure it out.\" I, I think there was a real awareness that they had of how to train people to go into a different environment and particularly that environment and what you needed to know about yourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3533.0,3595.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And do you feel that these trainings actually helped you when, when you were in Prince Edward, in their community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3595.0,3601.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: They helped enormously as much as they could. Again, I remember the thing about don't get into a car. There's one embarrassing story that I can tell.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3601.0,3611.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: If you'd like to share?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3611.0,3613.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: We were, we would have meetings at Reverend Griffin's house because again, you know, what had happened and what was going on, this is when we were living there. And that was across the street from the church and one day we were meeting, it was late afternoon and it sounded like firecrackers, somebody was setting off firecrackers outside. And Reverend Griffin very quietly, because he had lived through much of this, said, \"Everybody just lie down on the floor.\" We laid down on the floor. And then somehow somebody said, you know, it's guns going off, shots. Well, everybody had a gun. I mean, you know, they had them hanging— not we, we didn't, but you know, hanging from their neck, their holster, their cars, their— So they could be shooting anywhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3613.0,3658.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: But I thought, again being a new Yorker, it's very dangerous. And I realized I was right near the phone because we had just all gone down. So I picked up the phone and I asked for the sheriff and I said, \"I think there are people shooting at us.\" And we were all, you know, spread out on the floor and Reverend Griffin was far away at the other end of the room. And he said, \"Oh, where are you?\" And I said, \"We're in Reverend Griffin's house.\" \"Oh, we'll be right over,\" he said. And I hung up and I crawled over to Reverend Griffin. I said, \"I called the sheriff and told him,\" and Reverend Griffin looked at me and said, \"Oh, he will be right over. He's probably going to round up his deputies who are out there shooting at us.\" Again, my instinct was call for help. Call the law. So the question was, did it help? It helped, but we still were, you know, we had— what were we, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen years of, you know, not living in that community and not, not understanding how deep these things and certainly not understanding that, that aspect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3658.0,3724.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Right. Yeah. No, it's always so interesting to hear. You know, a lot of the other people that we've spoken to so far shared different aspects of Prince Edward County, but this is the first time that someone has brought up the cultural training that you guys went through before you went down there. So I'm very, I'm very intrigued to say, say the least.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3724.0,3746.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: There were lots— I mean, again, I keep talking about, even in the Jamaica Project, the learning that I did. I mean, I think we, we learned about the community, we learned— I learned, they had, you know, there was a wonderful sense of community and everybody knew each other and it was just something, you know, terrific. I, I understood why somebody would live south of the Mason-Dixon Line, which I never understood before that. I thought, well, they lost the war, they weren't allowed to come up or something, you know, like bizarre. But there were cultural things. And they also, the expression they used to say to us, and this is just all the racial stuff, was in the South you can get— I'm sure you've heard this expression, you can get as close as you want, just don't get too high.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3746.0,3790.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: In the North, you can get as high as you want, just don't get too close. And it was true that people in the Black and white communities knew each other and a lot of them had a friendship and a support, but it was proscribed. It was, you know. I also was surprised to learn about the newspaper because again, I grew up, you know, and you'll find out later, this is ironic. The New York Times— I pledge allegiance to the flag and the New York Times because you know, that's where we learned what was going on in the world and that's where fairness came about. And if there was corruption, thank God there were newspapers that could investigate and root it out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3790.0,3837.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3837.0,3838.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: So not the paper in Prince Edward County, in Farmville.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3838.0,3843.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay. And my next question, it might be a little redundant to what you've said so far. But to ask any way—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3843.0,3854.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Usually I'm redundant. So I'm having a [crosstalk]—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3854.0,3856.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Sometimes we talk about everything and then I'm like, \"Oh, did we talk about that yet? Did we not?\" But, so your assumptions, fears, anxieties, expectations that you were trained for to what, to what Prince Edward County was going to be like, what was the reality actually like? What was it like living with Black families? What was it, what was the community like when you were, were down there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3856.0,3882.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Once again, the people that we were living with were people who were as prepared for us as we were for them. They were anxious. They wanted the help. They were not going to, if there was any anger toward white people in general, it was not going to be expressed to us. They were, they liked their community, they liked living there. We were— the homes we lived in were lovely and well-kept sometimes they had to be large enough to have extra people living there. We, we were made to feel welcome. We were not made to feel that we were coming in with, you know, Don Quixote on the horse, but we were made to feel welcome. We were often invited to people's homes for a brunch or dinner.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3882.0,3928.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Some of the people there was, who thought, \"Okay, thank you, go home.\" You know, they, they were the, the younger people, meaning they were in their twenties maybe, or thirties and had already moved away, but they would come back because the family was having a brunch and inviting us. And they were a little— they weren't feeling like the downtrodden, they were, you know, that we were coming in to help. They were okay, nice to meet you, you know, leave. But, but most of the time, the people were very courteous and, and glad that we were there as teachers. We were not there solving all their problems. When we, which we weren't supposed to do, dabbled into asking them to vote, you know, that we were supposed to kind of stay away from that. We were not there to roil things up on that level. So they didn't— they were happy if we were not there as troublemakers. If we were there— there was one particular disease that had to be addressed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3928.0,3993.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: We were not there to do chemotherapy and make everybody lose their hair and the rest of it. Although that was, you know, a disease of the entire body. There was something and if we were doing that and helping their kids, they were happy. And then, okay, there are other stories [unclear].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=3993.0,4010.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: No, no you can continue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4010.0,4011.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: There was a funny story about I had a student, I had— I am more photographic in my memory and I had wonderful photographs and journals that got inadvertently destroyed because they were in a basement apartment building I lived in, when they were cleaning out the basement. But I, there was a picture that was, it was reprinted in a newspaper story in the Long Island Post, which doesn't exist anymore, and if you could find it, they did a series on the project and had us do some presentations. And it was a young man outside the church with his foot up on the railing of the church.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4011.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: He was one of my students. His name was Walter. He was about six years old, missing front teeth. Beautifully dressed, starched shirt. I mean, I wasn't as well-dressed as he was, because my stuff, you know, wilted a little bit and he had his foot up proudly. And we— he was living with his grandparents. And I think he must've been a grade, what would have been grade one or two. We weren't using grades. We, they were assessed and then we would teach them. But I was teaching him, I remember teaching him the alphabet because he thought it was hilarious that these squiggly letters had nothing to do with anything. I remember, he's absolutely right. I mean, these are Phoenician symbols, what the heck. So, and we agreed on \"S\" because it looked like a kind of curve. \"S,\" that was a good one. So anyway, there he was, and I was very upset. His grandparents would bring him in these beautiful starched shorts and a shirt, and we saved up money to get him shoes because he came barefoot to school. And when we told the grandparents that we would like to take him into town to get him shoes, they very politely smiled at us and said \"Well, we hope it works. We bought him several pairs of shoes. He doesn't like wearing shoes.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4050.0,4132.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Our assumption was this poor kid, he doesn't have shoes. And again, there was sort of, you know, we had to learn things along, not to make these assumptions about things. And the parents— the grandparents were, it, it was a sort of \"That's sweet kids,\" but, you know, ask questions first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4132.0,4151.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4151.0,4151.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I mean, they were not condemning us. They were very— But, but so there were things that we had to learn. But basically, again, the people that we were with were, were happy. And I think this is not the reason, but I think that they were paid, if we were living with people that they were paid, obviously. They has us as what would now be called Airbnb guests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4151.0,4172.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Right, [unclear]. So I'm just, I'm going through the questions again. So we talked about how your parents felt. But aside from feeling somewhat trained and somewhat ready to be integrated in the community, were you prepared from a teaching standpoint, did you feel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4172.0,4197.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Yes. I, I felt wonderfully prepared. Nothing was overwhelming. And it was, from a teaching standpoint, it was challenging because not everybody was on the same level. We were— I taught in a church and I think it was where you were, it was the nearest place to where the kids could come to. And there were different levels of achievement in that. Not, not diverse and most of my kids were pretty young. But we knew how to deal with them and we also knew, we knew how to do a class lesh— lesson, and I guess there was more than one of us in the room, because we also knew how to sometimes take kids who needed a little extra work or a little help. And I, I think, and I hope that I'm right, that it was teaching on a, on a very high level, which sounds like the wrong thing to do, but on a high level, in which it really did achieve goals and get them into and get them to enjoy learning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4197.0,4257.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: But I think for— and I asked the kids about it sometimes. For a lot of them, this was a novelty. I mean, this was a circus act. They absolutely loved it. They had never seen white people up this close helping them in this way, being friendly with them. Especially little kids, I mean, maybe older people were, were used to that. And there, there were things that they were amused that they had to help us because— Am I answering the question or am I—?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4257.0,4288.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Oh yeah, yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4288.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Oh, okay. So I had, for example, I would take attendance. And then I realized after the second or third day, my attendance was not very helpful because these were not the names they went by.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4290.0,4300.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4300.0,4300.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: So Bubba was not on my list. Bubba was like Gregory Marshall Smith, the third. And I'm going to Gregory Marshall Smith, the third, and they're all sitting there politely wondering if they should point out to me that, you're talking about Bubba?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4300.0,4318.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4318.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: And so I had to learn, you know, I had to ask them, what do we call them? And then there was one, oh God, you just bring back memories. I had one student, Ralph was his name. I can't remember his last name. And he was \"Fly,\" F L Y. Fly. Why was he called Fly? Which was Fly, because if school and it got boring, he would fly out the window [laughter].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4320.0,4347.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: He was a very good, it was really good measurement for me. If Fly remained in a seat, I knew that I was keeping them engaged and, you know, kind of an interesting kind of way of doing it. But so we weren't trained for things like that, but that's, but we were trained to be open to the signals and to the kids. And because our objective was to not have them pass tests. Our objective was to get them into learning. And learning meant mathematics, counting, arithmetic. Reading was we, we did a combination of phonics and alphabetics. So to get along in the world, you have to be able to— not anymore with texting, but you had to be able to know what letters were and where you got them. But to get them into the sense of getting things out of the written word, sometimes phonics got them into the game, then they could learn the nuances of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4347.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: So it was very pragmatic and that was exciting cause you could, you could see inroads and you could, you could see them opening up. Not, not everybody. Well, though Fly did remain in the class most of the time. But you could see that they were starting to learn. And, and also you, in this situation, they had to like you and you had to like them. This was not something where they were assigned to this class, and this is your teacher, and if you hate the teacher, you tell your parents and maybe they come in, complain and get— It was this or nothing. And the parents had made it clear that they wanted them to learn, so there was a kind of a, a nice agreement that we had about what was going on. And I remember— one other thing, I remember one kid when he felt, opened up, said to me, \"White people have such long noses.\" And that was cause a lot of us were Jewish. But he hadn't, again, he had never been close enough to look. So there was a lot of racial stuff going on, as well as learning things going on. It was, it was social and, and educational.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4410.0,4484.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And did the students understand what was happening to them and why they were shut out of school? Why you were—?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4484.0,4493.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Oh yeah, oh yeah. Yeah. There was no question about that. Did they all feel that it was the violently unfair inequity that we felt? I'm not sure. I think some of them had just lived under that kind of, you know, oppressive situation and accepted it as, as kids do. I mean, even abused kids do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4493.0,4514.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Right. So, you touched upon it, but can you just tell me what an average day in Farmville was like for you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4514.0,4525.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Breakfast, which was unusual. This was much more constructed, organized. But that was, that was interesting because it was a country break— We weren't, we were in town, but it was a country breakfast and I learned to eat grits. But at least I learned what they were, so when I finally was married to somebody who was sort of Southern, I knew what that slop was when it came. We had a nice breakfast together with our host. And then we were picked up by car and driven, at least in my case, because it was a drive. I think in everybody's case, it was a drive off to the school, which was in a church that we went to. Then we stood outside and waited for the kids to come in. And I don't think we assigned them seats. It's interesting, I'm thinking about it now. Because the kids who sat in front with the ones who looked up and were, you know, they were almost like the ones you would in other days call the teacher's pets. I mean, they were the ones who really knew how to turn it on. And, and then we, we had— Excuse me for one minute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4525.0,4597.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Yeah, of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4597.0,4603.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: We had prepared an agenda, a what'd you call the lesson plan for each day. And we would, we started taking attendance. I mean, we started the day taking attendance and that's when the first cultural learning came about when I learned about— and I think this is, this is Southern. It's not just— there are a lot of things that are just generically Southern. Southerners love to change the names. I think, this is just me, I think it's because so many of them are juniors and thirds that just how many, you know, Bobby's can you have? Bobby Lou, Bobby C., Bobby I, Bobby Tre, which was the third one, Bobby Jr. So then I got to take attendance with the name in the book versus the name that they actually responded to. And you got to see them and know them. I think I, I just have a feeling face-to-face is really important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4603.0,4657.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: And then we would start— and again, for some reason, really, I think there were two of us, cause we would start the lesson and then they would have writing and things to do. And then as I remember, and I don't know if this was true of every lesson, a couple of students would get extra help or something. I, I— physically, they would be in a different part of the— they would, when the whole class was doing something, you would take them aside and do a little something different with them. I don't know how long the school day was. I don't think it was very long. I think it might've been, I don't know. It didn't seem like it was long. They didn't seem to get restless and we didn't seem to get tired. So whatever it was, it was well done. Probably, cause I don't think we were feeding anybody, it broke around lunchtime. But I don't remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4657.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Right. Alright.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4710.0,4711.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: It would be in my journals, which no longer exist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4711.0,4718.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Oh, that's too bad. But, you seem to recall everything fantastically. So I'm very appreciative of that. I'm just going to move my computer cause the sun is bothering me. Okay. So a few have mentioned before that there were demonstrations, local demonstrations perhaps done by SNCC, going on while you were in Prince Edward County. To what extent did you feel like you wanted to jump into those?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4718.0,4745.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: We were sort of told not to. It, it, and it actually, a little bit of the frustration I felt made me subsequently then sign up, which I was not able to go to, to the Mississippi Project a year later. But we were told that we had a specific thing and we were also trying to follow the lead of Reverend Griffin, who was very measured, had a clear path of where he was in charge of what was going on. We did meet Bob, somebody else will know his last name [Bob Moses], who was the SNCC organizer who came up, who talked to us about voter registration, but did not enlist us to do it. I remember there was a sit-down outside the church that we observed. I, I don't remember if we joined it, we weren't really supposed to, but we did encourage— Do you hear that in the background?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4745.0,4801.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4801.0,4803.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Sometimes somebody's— I'm in an apartment and it's in my hallway. We were told that there would be subsequent voter registration efforts. And so part of what we were learning was to obey instructions and to kind of, to know that people had a larger plan and that we should really follow that. So I was pretty good about not doing my usual thing, which is, to jump up and wave sticks. [Two minutes of the interview were removed due to outside disturbances].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4803.0,4841.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: So what I was going to ask is, did the students ever come to you and share, perhaps, experiences of their, of racism against them? Of injustices that they had experienced? Did they confide in you with those kinds of things?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4841.0,4859.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: My, my particular students were pretty young, although we knew other ones. I mean, Reverend Griffin's daughters and son were teenagers. My, my actual students were younger. They were not, I don't think they were comfortable doing that. We were still white. And I think they weren't quite sure about Carolyn, what to, you know, share with her because she was still from New York, with this group. And then there were UFT teachers who were also mixed. They were— at one point, I did say to them, to some of the older ones that I became friendly with, \"We're going home soon. Are you're happy to be out of the spotlight?\" And they looked at me meaning, cause they were on their good behavior, there was company. Not because we were white, but there was company living with them the whole time. And I said, \"What would you feel more free to do if we weren't here?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4859.0,4921.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: And one of them said, \"Dance.\" Well, they were trying to, you know, behave because the teachers were living with them. So we, we knew about the racial indignities, we knew about that through Reverend Griffin. And to some extent, there was more candid talk that I had with his kids, because they were comfortable talking to us and about— That I know of, I don't think any of them either communicated about, or, or maybe experienced particular racial indignities, because they knew to stay clear of it. I think. This is now, I don't know this is a fact, but it seemed like they, you know, they knew how to avoid problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4921.0,4971.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay. Sure, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4971.0,4971.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: And—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4971.0,4975.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Did you want to add another point? I'm sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4975.0,4977.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: It just— sorry, this is just random. But one of the things that we were taught, for example, in our training was if we were going to send letters home, they could not be sent as mail. They, there had been incidents in the Peace Corps years before we came down where somebody sent a postcard that said, you know, everybody's naked here and dancing around or something. And the postcard had been found. So I remember I would take letters, I would walk them to the post office, I would wrap them in the newspaper. That's how I knew the newspaper. And I would say to the post office and I would send them registered, and I'd say, \"You know, people don't realize what an interesting town this is and I'm sending the newspaper home so they see all the wonderful things that you do.\" And one of the things in the newspaper was like ads for steer sperm that they would sell, you know, for impregnating cows or something. I said, you know, because it's a farming community. I said, this is so interesting, but one has to do that because you could avoid a problem, but you had to avoid it. You couldn't assume it wasn't going to exist. And I, I suspect that a lot of the people in the Black community had learned, you know, how to do that and we're, we're sort of living that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=4977.0,5052.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And you say you were avoiding a problem, do— I think I'm missing the point of the letters were probably—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5052.0,5060.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Oh, that I was writing letters about my experience there. Well, you did not want somebody finding those letters or opening those letters, or if you said, \"I cannot believe that you can't do blah, blah, blah, blah, blah,\" or whatever, you know, just a description of it. You, that was not going to be. I mean, I wanted to and I wanted to take notes on everything, but you didn't want them discovered where you were living and you didn't want, you, you didn't, you know, it's the U.S. Mail. No, it's not the U.S. Mail. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5060.0,5091.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Right. That's interesting. Not a point that I would have thought to think twice about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5091.0,5097.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Well, that's some of the stuff that we were learning. And I think it was, again, how the Black community learned to remain safe when they did, which they didn't always obviously.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5097.0,5109.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay. If, if you want, I'd definitely like to hear more about that point that you were saying, the role of the churches and, and how that impacted you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5109.0,5120.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Again, it's— I, I'm projecting what I learned is Reverend Griffin, you know, it was the church that it was— They could organize if it looked like it was church organization. So we would go to churches out in, in, further out in the countryside. I remember going, and I loved music. I've always loved music. And it was, it was a way that you were allowed to talk to people or say things. And so one of the things that I discovered when you asked about our involvement in the political is that the civil rights songs we know, were all gospel church songs. So when they were singing and remembering this church, \"Ain't so hard to get your mind set on Jesus.\" And we learned, \"Ain't so hard to get your mind set on freedom.\" So I'm singing with them and I'm singing freedom, they're singing Jesus. They're turning to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5120.0,5180.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: And there were other songs. It was a way of communicating that was sort of safe to say, you know, we're here to try and open this up and move it. And the churches were— and, and they felt comfortable that we were willing to work through the church and in the church. And, and it was, for me, it was, you know, I grew up I like to say Jew-ish and the emphasis on \"ish.\" And with, as I had explained before, a very oppressive one, very oppressive Catholic church that was across the street from me. And in fact, we were accused of being communists and things. I mean, it was a crazy period in that particular area. This was wonderful. I mean, I, I could see how they were supportive. Now, we wanted to then push all of the religious leaders to get more involved in politics. But again, Reverend Griffin was in charge of that, you know. But we, we learned about the AME churches, the African Methodist Episcopal, and we saw the role that they played and it was an important and supportive role in that, that could be where things happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5180.0,5255.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And I think a question I forgot to ask you is, how old were you when you were in Prince Edward County?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5255.0,5264.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I have to do the math. I might've been eighteen or nineteen. I entered college when I was sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, something like that. Eighteen or nineteen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5264.0,5278.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay. I know we were talking in terms of years so I, I just wanted to get an exact, exact age. Okay, great. And at the end, I know some have, have talked about when their time in Prince Edward County came to an end on the way back home, they attended the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Did you also attend, were you part of that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5278.0,5301.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Yes and I had an experience that absolutely stunned me and helped me in terms of some career choices later on. We stopped in, I'm sure they told you this story. I mean, this is less about the teaching and more about sort of the racial awakening. We, once we decided we all wanted to go out to dinner, we went into Richmond, which was the nearest big city. I wouldn't be surprised if you didn't hear the story. And we went into a Chinese restaurant?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5301.0,5331.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: No, I haven't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5331.0,5331.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: And the guy came out and looked at us and we were a mixed group and said— I'm sorry, I do accents. It's terrible. But, \"Uh, we only serve white people here,\" and we looked and went, \"Well where do you eat?\" I mean, this was in a Chinese restaurant and we realized that was more craziness. And it, so on the way back, when you asked about that, we, we stopped in Richmond, to, we were driving and I guess we stopped to go to the bathroom and I was in a hotel lobby and a man came running up to me with a microphone and he was from the local news station.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5331.0,5371.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: And he, I guess I felt free to talk at that point cause we were out of Prince Edward County. And the question was, I, I wish I could find this interview somewhere \"How do you feel about going to a march that's being led by communists and homosexuals?\" And I forget the, the string of, you know, he didn't say racist, but it was whatever the word for Black nationalists, you know, just these pejorative things. And I, and I said to him, \"This is a march for freedom and equality and for all people treated equally,\" you know, and, and I looked at him and I realized, I think he was the local ABC affili— affiliate. And I remember thinking because of my reverence for media, meaning newspapers, how could they let him say that? You know. And, and I realized that nobody was, nobody was getting the truth down there. They were getting whatever the, even the TV station or the news station, whatever they wanted to say. And it was sort of, you know, it was eye-opening to me how much there was oppression of truth in reality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5371.0,5453.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: So, I'm sorry. So we did, yes, we did go to the march. It was— there was one thing that was very nice. We were applauded cause apparently at that point, people knew about, I guess we had a sign or, I don't know how people knew who we were. I think the groups were, and some people applauded us and it was nice. I'm not keen on these enormous things. It was really hard to hear and very crowded. And I was glad I was there. I was really glad to see it in a day or so on television and to actually hear the speech. And the one thing that, again it's all about me I'm sorry, that amused me was, and again this was, you can show that I wasn't completely educated, I was really surprised that Martin Luther King had a Southern accent. I thought he was going to sounds, you know, have a Northern British accent or something. Again, because the Southern accent to me meant you weren't educated. You know, that was my stupidity. But I was very surprised to hear his voice and absolutely thrilled to see it and had a sense that, you know, now we're on our way. Little did I know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5453.0,5525.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Right, right. And so coming to the close of Prince Edward County when you came back to New York at the end of the summer, what changed in how you viewed society? Did anything change? Were you more attune to demonstrations of racism and injustice?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5525.0,5543.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Well, I had been attuned to them. What I was very much attuned to begin with, which had been pointed out to me there, was that I lived in a totally white society. I did not— New York was not integrated. Queens College wasn't integrated. It was integrated, nobody was not allowed to go, but people weren't going there. In fact, I became part of a project by a very, very well-known whose name might come to me, a Political Science professor, a woman who just died I think last year [Dr. Marilyn Gittell], where she asked us to go around and interview, go door to door to find out why more Black kids weren't going to the city colleges. And, and she's, you could probably find it, it was a famous study that she did because they were not prohibited from going, but they didn't seem to want to go. And the one that was particularly interesting was City College in Manhattan, which was right in the middle of the Black neighborhood. It was on the edge of Harlem and it was in Morningside Heights. And it was— there were a lot of reasons that schools weren't integrating and that there weren't integration. And it was a feeling of, you know, not being welcome, or this is not my place or I'm not going to do well. It, it— there was some self-defeating and some reality checking that I became much more aware of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5543.0,5627.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I was involved in demonstrations and I was preparing to go down to Mississippi. And in fact, I— One of my conversations, One of my last conversations was with a friend of mine who was— well I'm sure you know Mark was one of the leaders of Mississippi. Oh, he wasn't at Prince Edward County, Mark Levy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5627.0,5662.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: No, but yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5662.0,5662.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: But you know him. And one of the people who was going down to Mississippi, and I had to go down, I think I had to finish a summer school course or something, so I was going down a couple of weeks late, but I had gone through the training. One of the people who was planning to go down asked me about my experience in Prince Edward County. And I said to him, you know, some of it was dangerous, you had to sort of learn about it, but that it was the first time in my life, I said I never felt so alive in my life because I felt like I was looking at a deep-seated resident, evil inequality, and beginning to maybe be able to do something about it and maybe turn the world around. And it was one of the most, for me, exhilarating and life affirming things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5662.0,5715.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: The person that I had the conversation with was Andy Goodman. And I said to him, \"You know, you will just always be thankful that you've gone.\" And unfortunately, that was not what happened. But I do remember that that was, that was the feeling we had coming out of it. That we had learned as much as the kids had about how maybe we could, we could open up the world. And, and, and we also knew that voting was critical and I became very active in trying to get a signer, but I'm not even sure I was old enough to vote at the time. I joined an organization called First Voters where we were registering people to vote. I'm not sure what it was, but anyway. So that was sort of ironic. But I, I became very involved in civil rights activities, which I can tell you about later, if you have another 12 hours. And also very concerned with journalism because I became aware that people have to have a source of truth and knowing something. It's funny, I have a button which I should be wearing from New York Times. It said, \"Truth- Anything else is a lie.\" And so that these are some of the things that— and education, which I still love and learning and became some pathways in my future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5715.0,5823.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: That's great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5823.0,5827.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: That was a little tough about Andy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5827.0,5827.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Definitely. And I, and I know, I just, I'm curious why didn't you go down to Mississippi in '64?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5827.0,5833.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I was, I think it was three days before my departure and I guess I was at home and on the television screen was Andy's picture. And it was pretty clear that they were missing. And I can't remember whether it was my parents or, or my decision. And it brought back the, some of the threatening feelings that we had when we were down there. That maybe this was, until we figured out what happened, I shouldn't go down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5833.0,5876.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And was the whole, the whole campus trip to, to Mississippi canceled? Or you just decided?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5876.0,5884.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: No, because people had gone down earlier. I had, the reason I was going down late is, is I had I think one summer school, like three credits short of, because I was constantly leading Freedom Marches, Free Speech Movements, and God knows what else. And sometimes didn't have quite— I, I did well enough to get into graduate school, but I mean, sometimes just didn't have quite enough time to finish everything I was doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5884.0,5913.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Yeah, that's great. Okay. And so, in both— I'm just going to ask you now to reflect on some of your experiences in both Prince Edward County and in Jamaica. Do you feel that you've made a difference in your students' lives?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5913.0,5933.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Truthfully, you'd have to ask them. I, I think the difference that I suspected, I think just on the elementary level that I thought I was contributing to the teaching level, absolutely. I mean that I could see. I got— but I think there was also an intercultural level. I don't think the kids in Jamaica, as well as I, had been so close to so many white people. Maybe their teachers were, I don't know. But, but I think that was introduction. I think there it was very clear that we were doing what any good tutor would do, which is to bring up certain levels of learning. I think it was much broader in Prince Edward County. I think, again, they saw white people who treat— I, I think the white people treated them nicely, but it was, there, there was a lot more ritual to the niceness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5933.0,5998.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: This was a little closer. I think it was a grand adventure for them. I think we got them initiated into math and reading and, and feeling that they could learn and were worthy of learning. So I think that made a difference, that people came all the way down, probably reinforced by parents or grandparents that these people came down to teach you, you better learn. I think that was what made the difference, you know, that's why they showed up and did it. So I think there was a difference. And I think part of it was, was meeting people. I remember thinking that we should all do anthropological trips of living in a different culture because it's really eye-opening to everybody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=5998.0,6042.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Right. It would be, it would be extremely enriching if only you knew. Yeah. And so this seems kind of like a snowball question, but how did the, how did the experiences—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6042.0,6056.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Oh, you're in trouble. I feel like I'm building this snow, snowman [crosstalk]—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6056.0,6056.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: I know, I'm like, I'm ready to hear it all. How did the Student Help Project make a difference in your life? Or in your college career.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6056.0,6067.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I felt, I felt that there was a way to change the world, that there was a way. That you do it one student at a time, one community at a time, one inequity at a time. And then sometimes you slapped back, but that you could make inroads. And that I really personally, selfishly I loved that feeling that I was, I was in there. I mean, it was like a, sometimes I said, it was like an ant, you know, carrying the, the crumb up. But there was a feeling that you were part of a movement and a community and you could try and make things happen. I didn't realize in terms of the snowball, what was going to happen later on down the road how much, you know, backlash and avalanche would be taking place. But, but yes, it changed my view of the, of, of our place, of good people's place in a world that had a lot of bad in it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6067.0,6129.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: And it taught also that learn from your elders, learn from the people who've been in there. You know, there's a time to be radical, there are people to be radical. Let them, unless you're the right, the one, let them set the pace and then get in there and support them. So I think, for example, I remember I, I think more than a lot of people understood the expression Black Power, partly because I went to school with sto— Stokely Carmichael, who became—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6129.0,6159.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Look at that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6159.0,6159.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: —who became— Okay, in high school. What, what was his name? Oh God. Anyway, he took on an African name, but, but I knew what he was saying. And I knew instead of people jumping back and being frightened to explain, yeah, that's how Jewish people were accepted. You know, it's financial, it's political, it's— you don't want to knock the other person off. You want to stand up and let them stand up. But, so it allowed me to, you know, to know where and how, I hope, to, to try and make a difference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6159.0,6202.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Yeah. That's a very valuable insight and it, it, it echoes, I think what we've heard since June, just how to be an ally and really knowing your place and to empower these sorts of conversations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6202.0,6217.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6217.0,6219.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And how did the Student Help Project experience influence the rest of your time in college and the careers that you've done since then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6219.0,6230.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Well, let's see. I had to take a course, one summer school course at the end of the year to finish my degree. It was, part of it was that the feeling that it gave me that, you know, you don't have to be on the sidelines. You can get in there. I became very interested and involved and did go back down to Prince Edward County to see. I continued in tutoring programs. I'm not sure if Jamaica, if you could do it after Prince Edward. I don't really remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6230.0,6261.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: I think so. I think it did continue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6261.0,6264.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: And I think I did. And also I was making speeches. I was sent out into the community to, as we all were with slides and photos and things to explain to them what was going on. But also keeping an eye on how segregated, how unfairly segregated we were. It was not just— there was no such thing as separate but equal, you know, and, and to try and fight and work for that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6264.0,6291.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: And in addition to looking as, which my father's baby was the City College system, I mean. He went through it, you know, his people he graduated with were Jonas Salk and, you know, some other people, all of whom were children of immigrants, maybe who went to City College and this should be an ongoing experience for, for people that as a way that they can achieve and do things without having a bundle of money. So, I, I continued that involvement. I randomly, I taught at John Jay College, but I specifically taught in the project, I forget what it was called. But it was for kids who needed to have more help.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6291.0,6345.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6345.0,6346.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: In John Jay College. In other words, it was to allow them— and discovered some horrors and discovered that some of them were in the college because they got, the college paid to have them there and they couldn't read. And became very involved in— you know, guess what? They were Black and Hispanic kids. So I became very supportive of that. I taught college. Remain— at, at one point I was on the board of the Urban League because that was about taking kids who were educated, were, and helping place them in jobs with— it was working with heads of corporations. Because for some interesting reasons, I became very aware that through a fabulous man named Andrew Heiskell, who was then the— I don't know if you know. You probably don't know him. He was the chairman of the board of Time Inc., and he had put this together with somebody else saying, you know, let's get some of these, in those cases, minority kids into some of the big corporations, into Time Magazine, into— But how do you find them? Where do you get them? And so that was, the Urban League was a coalition of civil rights workers and corporation heads. And it was a different level of integration. And again, it was fighting for equality. I've always been involved in, in voter registration just on a local level. What else? Oh, and I became involved in journalism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6346.0,6437.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: And what did you do in journalism, then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6437.0,6438.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Well, again, there are a couple of interesting reasons, but I worked in magazines, mainly. There were magazines— when the New York Times company opened up a series of magazines and one of the most influential was Family Circle and— which I had never laid eyes on cause I didn't come from a family that baked and read these, you know. We read Commentary, Dissent, Time, Newsweek, the New Republic. But I discovered that it was the most influential and best-read magazine in the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6438.0,6479.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Oh, wow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6479.0,6479.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Who knew? And when I got there, and I got that through some interesting other connections, but I began some projects there. One was the reading project, in which we gave awards to local communities that had reading promotion programs and became very involved in reading is fundamental and things like that, again, to use education as a way to broaden civil rights and, and to give everybody an equal chance. And, and also to make sure that the truth was being reported and Family Circle, of all places, was where a lot of the people who don't read the New York Times got their information. I found out about that. And it was, and the standards were very high because it was owned by the New York Times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6479.0,6541.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: So, what else did I do? I worked— then, again, always interested in education. I worked at Sesame Street because I loved the way they treated, again, racial issues and education. And NPR I worked at for a while. WNYC, which was NPR. What else? I'm sure I'm leaving out— I had a son in the middle of that, and got married, a huge part. But always with an interest in civil rights and human rights and equity and education as a source, an important one for that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6541.0,6577.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: That's great. Yeah. And the last questions I have are— it seems like we've gone through so much and it's, it's always so great to hear. But to tie it all together, how did this experience and the Student Help Project influence your outlook regarding— not, not making social change. You said that, you've mentioned that before, but in terms of race relations today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6577.0,6605.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Me personally, or the world, or—?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6605.0,6608.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: You personally, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6608.0,6613.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Well, I, I've kind of hinted at it. Working there taught me that there are other people that you have to learn about and find out who they are, as well as coming in and saying, you should be like me, you know? And it also made me see how, how much racial separation there was in a world that I came from that I thought, \"Oh, we have integration.\" And that also integration is that it's, and I think I got this from my parents. My father once wrote a letter to the Times, which seems to be a theme in our lives, that, that he was the first dean of Bronx Community College. And again, the idea was, get kids who might not get into the City College system, which was very, very hard to get into at that time. I'm not sure what's going on now, where they have open enrollment, but let them get through two years of community college and then feed into it when they are, you know, now that they, if the schools were awful, that they were at now that they are prepared and good. So, what was the question? How did that change my feeling about racial or, what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6613.0,6689.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Yeah. Race relations in the United States, just how did it change your outlook?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6689.0,6693.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I think there's a lot of work that has to be done, but I think also people have to find out what other races want and what's right and how we can do that and elevate it. And whether it's an individual who holds the lantern and, you know, we can all emulate, or the opportunity. And there's no guarantee that everybody gets to the same place, but there— this is what the letter my father wrote started with, but there has to be a guarantee that they have the opportunity to get there, whether it's where they live or who they vote for, or how much money they make or what they have the opportunity for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6693.0,6738.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Thank you. And before we end—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6738.0,6740.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I don't think I even understand that answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6740.0,6741.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: No, it, it definitely is helpful. And just there's a lot to think about in terms of where, where we've come since 1963, since your participation in Virginia and in Jamaica. Do things look more of the same or, or did they really change? So I, I really appreciate that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6741.0,6762.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: I think we see more, I think we see more. And also, the nice thing is if we can get through the, the, the real mire and muck and, and get our head above water, we then can see that there's further swimming to do. But we were in a period where you couldn't even see the inequality. It was so muddy and entrenched, and this allows us to, to move forward. And I also, I was interested in the police department after I worked at John Jay College. I'm sorry, you didn't ask about this. But I joined up as an auxiliary police person because I had a thing [a precinct] a block away and I wanted to see what was going on. And I saw the train— I, I, this is before everything started happening. And I took a look at what was going on, I thought, because I knew about the police department in the South, I thought we're in for some rocky times. So, I, I think there's a lot that we're starting to see now, but not necessarily fixed yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6762.0,6827.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Certainly, yeah. Thank you. Is there anything else that you'd like to add that we didn't touch on? Any last thoughts?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6827.0,6835.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: Oh my gosh. Yeah, I w— I would like to see Queens College, which was wonderful, I forgot what the word is. Instead of, the thing that you cook, you cook things. Not pot, but it's a word for like a, a boiling point, but that's another thing. Crucible, maybe, although that's always sounds like it's an evil thing. But more for civil rights and for group acceptance. I think there are, last time I went back there, there were a lot of immigrant kids who I think were scared to reach out and to put their head above the water. And that's awful. I think we should be supportive of their right to speak out and to integrate. And I'd like to see a lot more integration in the city colleges, because I think that that's really— a lot more faces of all different color, because I think it is a stepping stone to, to achievement and accomplishment. And I don't think we'll ever have a completely balanced, equal world, but we're not England. You know, we don't need a caste system. We can just have inequities that we can deal with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6835.0,6915.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victoria Fernandez: Right. Yeah. That's definitely something to keep in mind. I've been a student at Queens College and obviously some things don't affect me the same way that they would have other students. So, always having that in mind is very important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6915.0,6928.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789/transcript/24875/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June Tauber Golden: And thank you for doing this. I think it's, it's an interesting project and I want to, I want to hear it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/40147/file/111789#t=6928.0,6934.84"}]}]}]}