{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/qn5z60cp7s/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Claude Mangum Oral History"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/010/original/Aviary_QPLlogo_192x192.png?1578574261","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary of Full Interview\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eClaude Mangum is a retired professor of African-American studies at Fordham, who grew up in the mostly white neighborhood of South Ozone Park. He attended public schools, and later Queens College, where he was involved with CORE and remembers significant historical events such as the assassinations of JFK, Malcolm X, and MLK. He taught at John Bowne High School in the late 1960s, ran the Upward Bound program. He later taught at Fordham.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright 2020 Claude Mangum, Linda Ganjian, CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0. Contact digitalarchives@queenslibrary.org for research and reproduction requests.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["http://digitalarchives.queenslibrary.org/search/browse/42461"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2020-12-03"]}},{"label":{"en":["Tags"]},"value":{"en":["Queens College Alumni"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Claude Mangum (Interviewee)","Linda Ganjian (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Interview recorded as part of Linda Ganjian's Jamaica Flux project for Jamaica Center for Arts and Learning."]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["1945-2020 (temporal)","Bronx, NY, South Ozone Park, Queens, NY (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary of Full Interview\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eClaude Mangum is a retired professor of African-American studies at Fordham, who grew up in the mostly white neighborhood of South Ozone Park. He attended public schools, and later Queens College, where he was involved with CORE and remembers significant historical events such as the assassinations of JFK, Malcolm X, and MLK. He taught at John Bowne High School in the late 1960s, ran the Upward Bound program. He later taught at Fordham.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright 2020 Claude Mangum, Linda Ganjian, CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0. Contact digitalarchives@queenslibrary.org for research and reproduction requests.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Queens Public Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Queens Public Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/010/original/Aviary_QPLlogo_192x192.png?1578574261","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/118/831/small/Mangum-Claude-photo-avaiay.png?1625047617","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - _ClaudeMangum_radio_edit.mp3"]},"duration":4121.02531,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/118/831/small/Mangum-Claude-photo-avaiay.png?1625047617","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-queenslibrary.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/118/831/original/_ClaudeMangum_radio_edit.mp3?1625046584","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":4121.02531,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Full Transcript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: So today is December 3rd, 2020. This is Linda Ganjian of the Queens Memory Project with Professor Claude Mangum. So please say, and then spell out your name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=0.0,15.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Okay. My name is Claude Mangum, C L A U D E Mangum, M A N G U M.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=15.0,24.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: And what is your age?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=24.0,26.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: I am 75 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=26.0,29.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Okay. So we can begin. So tell me when and where you were born.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=29.0,34.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: I was born in Manhattan in New York City on December 7th, 1944.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=34.0,43.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: And what brought you to Queens? How did you end up in Queens?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=43.0,51.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: My parents had lived in Harlem and we lived there until I was about age seven. And then in 1952, we moved from Harlem and it was a very nice location to South Ozone Park, New York.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=51.0,71.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Do you remember the address?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=71.0,73.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes, 142-15 120th Avenue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=73.0,83.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: So, how old were you? Sorry. How old were you at the time? I think you said.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=83.0,88.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: About seven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=88.0,89.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: About seven. Okay. And so what do you remember of South Ozone Park when you moved there at that age?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=89.0,96.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Well, it was a terrific community. We lived on a dead end block, so it was very easy to ride our bicycles, fly kites. At that time when we were young, there was an empty lot across the street. Later on new homes were built there, but when it was an empty lot, we were able to fly kites, play baseball games, play football games. It was a very good community. We were just maybe two blocks from Rockaway Boulevard, a major street. We were about four or five blocks from Van Wyck Expressway. So it was convenient for public transportation and there were playgrounds. Baisley Park was in walking distance. There were playgrounds. It was [inaudible].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=96.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: And were your parents able to buy a house?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=150.0,155.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=155.0,155.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Okay. That's right. You gave me the address, and so did you have a yard?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=155.0,161.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes, we had a yard. Just before we moved, my father found a puppy called Bozo. He came with us. He enjoyed the area as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=161.0,176.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Yeah. So do you want talk about your parents? Well first tell me, what is your racial, cultural background and also what did your parents do for work? What were their professions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=176.0,191.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: My father was born in North Carolina. He came at a very early age to New York City. My mother was of Caribbean background. Her mother was from Barbados and her father was from Grenada. And so they came, I believe my grandmother came in 1904 to New York and they settled down. My mother had several siblings. My father had one brother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=191.0,230.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: So did your parents meet in Harlem?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=230.0,234.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=234.0,234.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: And they got married in Harlem?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=234.0,236.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=236.0,238.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: So what was it like for them to move? I assume South Ozone Park was predominantly white at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=238.0,246.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. Yeah. I think over time, the racial makeup of our community changed. It became increasingly black. I think some white residents remained, but some of the others moved away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=246.0,263.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Okay. And do you remember feeling any self-consciousness about that or did you feel like it was an integrated neighborhood?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=263.0,275.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes, it's changed over time. You know, I think originally we had a number of not only black friends, but white friends. There were few Latinos. I just remember later on there were two young men, brothers, teenagers who came from Cuba, but it was sort of a black/white world at that time. Not what we now call Latinx. As you know, the makeup of the U.S. has changed, and so Latinx people make up a larger share of the population in this country than African-Americans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=275.0,318.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: What did your parents do for work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=318.0,323.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: My father was a assistant dispatcher on the IRT of the New York City transit system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=323.0,333.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Which line is that? I always get confused.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=333.0,334.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: The interborough transit system. It used to be the IND, the IRT.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=334.0,343.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: So is that the 4, 5, 6?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=343.0,345.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=345.0,348.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Okay. Yeah. The green line—I'm from Boston, so we do it by color.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=348.0,358.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: My mother was an administrative clerk for the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization organization. And so she was in charge of identifying people and assessing their applications for entry into the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=358.0,379.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: So did both your parents work outside the home?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=379.0,384.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=384.0,385.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Okay. So who was looking after you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=385.0,389.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Well for a time we had my father's mother staying with us, and then I had an older sister. I had an older sister and she would look out for us and my grandmother would look out for us. And I think also my father worked in the afternoon to the early to—I guess about maybe 10 o'clock or so. Maybe his hours went from 3 to 11, something like that. So anyway, you know, he was there in the morning to see us off and my mother would return from work in the evening. And we were fully covered. My sister was four years older than me, so she was able to look out for my brother and I as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=389.0,449.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Okay. So there were three of you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=449.0,451.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. I mention later that all three of us attended Queens College.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=451.0,457.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Oh, okay. That's great. So let's talk about school. So you went to the local public school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=457.0,467.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. I went to PS 123, which was a couple of blocks away from where we lived.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=467.0,472.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Okay. And do you have any memories of that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=472.0,476.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yeah, I have fond memories of it. The teachers were very good, very kind. We had friends from our neighborhood. We were able to go on school trips.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=476.0,495.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Do you remember any of the places that you went?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=495.0,499.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: The Museum of Natural History. I'm trying to think of the botanical gardens, maybe the botanical gardens and things like that. And fortunately, we lived not far from what was then called Idlewild airport, which became JFK John F. Kennedy. So we were able to ride our bikes there. I remember riding, pedaling the bikes across the runway before another plane would take off. Something I would never do now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=499.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: They let kids do that then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=540.0,543.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: There was no one out there to stop us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=543.0,546.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: So Idlewild was there before JFK?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=546.0,551.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: It became named JFK.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=551.0,552.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Okay. So they expanded it, I assume. Right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=552.0,557.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Well, it was always a good size. It was an international airport, so much larger than LaGuardia airport—you may be familiar with LaGuardia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=557.0,563.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Yeah. So did you watch a lot of planes from your—was the plane route above your neighborhood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=563.0,575.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=575.0,576.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Okay. Was it noisy? Was it a problem?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=576.0,581.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: No, not as noisy because there weren't as many jets then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=581.0,585.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Now it's a lot worse. Let's see. So do you want to talk about middle school or high school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=585.0,597.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Okay. Yes. I went to junior high school 142, which was then known as Shimer junior high school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=597.0,606.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: How do you spell that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=606.0,608.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: S H I M E R. It was a good experience there. It was in walking distance, but one of the things that I like is that because of what was diagnosed as my heart condition, I was able to get a free bus pass. So I would often take the bus to school in the morning and then walk home with my friends in the afternoon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=608.0,646.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Okay. And where did you go to high school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=646.0,649.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: I went to John Adams High School, which is located in Ozone Park.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=649.0,655.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: And was that a pretty large high school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=655.0,662.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. A very large high school. And that too similar to Shimer, when I went to Shimer it was largely—well, Shimer may have started changing—but it was a significant white population. One of the things that happened is that I was placed in the—they used to rank classes and some of it had to do with the language that you took. So, as I recall in junior high school classes, eight one and nine one were for students who took German. My younger brother took German. And so we were in that. My younger brother, Richard Mangum, was in what they called advanced placement and so he was able to complete junior high school in two years instead of one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=662.0,727.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Wow. That's unusual. I've never heard of that for middle school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=727.0,733.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. That's where it takes place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=733.0,737.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: And it seems unusual to have German as a language in middle school as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=737.0,746.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: I guess considering the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=746.0,748.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: There were probably German.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=748.0,751.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. And so, as you know, there were fewer Latino immigrants or people coming from the Caribbean and Latin America at that time. So German was more predominant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=751.0,765.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: I see. So do you remember any of the activities that you did in high school, or any academics stand out, any teachers that you remember?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=765.0,777.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yeah. In high school, I was in the band. We had a jazz group. I was in that. And what else did I do? I was in different clubs. I think I was in the Newman club, which was a group for Catholic students. And so we would be able to go on retreats and other kinds of activities like that. Let me try—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=777.0,814.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Was there a marching band, like when you say you were in band?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=814.0,817.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. On Memorial Day, we would march as a band. And so in high school, I played the string bass, but when it came to marching, you know, I couldn't carry that in marching band. So I switched off; they had me play the bass drum. So I enjoyed that as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=817.0,845.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: And you marched in parades?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=845.0,848.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Particularly Memorial Day parade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=848.0,849.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Memorial Day parade. Yeah. And do you remember any teachers or—because you became an academic, so were there any formative experiences in high school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=849.0,861.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. In junior high school and high school, I had very good social studies teachers. And so I thought that that was something that I want to do. Initially I thought that I would become a social worker, but later I changed my interest into becoming an educator.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=861.0,885.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Interesting. Okay. Let's see. Do you want to talk about your involvement with the Catholic church? So you went to the same parish as Michael, correct? St. Clement Pope.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=885.0,907.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. I really didn't know Mike, because he went to the grammar school at our church. I went to public schools. And so going through the public school experience, I came to know his father who was a teacher and sort of a support for the religious education program in the evening for teenagers. So I came to know his father first. It wasn't until the summer that I started college, that I came to know Michael Giles because we both were counselors for the Catholic Youth Organization. We would ride together on the bus from our church St. Clement Pope to the CYO camp in Whitestone, Queens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=907.0,969.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Okay. So do you have good memories of being a camp counselor? Do you remember how many years you did that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=969.0,976.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yeah, I did that I think about three years. I enjoyed it. It was a good experience and I made many friends and you know, we had free transportation. We just had to walk to the church to get the bus. We enjoyed the comradery that we had with the camp counselors. We had free lunch. So it was just a good experience overall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=976.0,1009.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Yeah. Are you still friends with a lot of people from that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1009.0,1015.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: I'm trying to think, you know, certainly with Mike Giles, I've known him since that time. And with some of the others it's sort of drifted off because what would happen is that people would go off to college and then perhaps remain locally or go into other fields. And so it wasn't that same kind of connection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1015.0,1037.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Yeah. That happens in a lot of places, I think. So you went to religious classes in the evenings, and I imagine—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1037.0,1054.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yeah. The tradition was when you were in elementary school, you went in the afternoon and then when you were in high school, you went in the evenings. So in elementary school, you were released early during the day to go to the religious education classes. And it was very scary because sometimes we would come in and we would see the nuns physically abusing young students, but they never touched us. They never touched the public school kids.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1054.0,1089.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Oh, really? But they were your teachers, I imagine for those programs. Do you have any specific memories of any of them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1089.0,1103.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Well, they were very nice, very informative. You know, it was easy for me because you would have to study the catechism and they asked a question: who made us, you know, God made us, that kind of thing. So it's a matter of learning that material, which came very easy to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1103.0,1120.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: So it was kind of memorizing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1120.0,1125.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: We didn't actually study the Bible. We never really had any experience with the Bible. And so it's now it's only as an adult that I can read the Bible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1125.0,1136.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Yeah. Do you remember church bazaars? Michael talked about how much he enjoyed church bazaars as he was growing up. He talked about rides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1136.0,1154.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: There was something that they had. There was a playground area that they had across from the church near the rectory. And I think they set up some sort of carnival kind of things there. So that may be what the reference was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1154.0,1173.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Yeah. But you don't remember going yourself?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1173.0,1176.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Well, I went but certainly growing up I remember when my father first got a car, I think it was about 1955. He came home late. Someone I thought had parked their car in front of our house, but it turned out that it was the new car that he had purchased. And he had just gotten his driver's license. And we drove all the way to Nathan's in Coney Island in Brooklyn. And that was a real treat. The Nathan's was really very appealing. Now there are little Nathan's places all over, but Coney Island was really attractive to us. So I remember that as being much more attractive than you know, the little carnival thing that they had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1176.0,1226.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Are there any other things that you remember, trips that you would make with your family for fun? I know a lot of families went to Far Rockaway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1226.0,1240.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. I think one of the things is that my parents always gave us a choice of whether or not they would send us to sleep away camps or whether we would go on vacations with them and my brother and I chose to go on vacations with them. So as a result of that, we were able to go to a number of places: Atlantic City; Cape May; Washington DC; Boston, Massachusetts; Niagara Falls; Toronto. So we much more enjoyed those kinds of trips than going to sleep away camp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1240.0,1280.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: But did you go to Far Rockaway at all?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1280.0,1284.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. We went to Far Rockaway, although we preferred Jones Beach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1284.0,1289.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Why did you prefer Jones Beach?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1289.0,1292.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Jones Beach had a bay and the ocean. They also had a nice playground. It was just interesting. Later on my older sister, a couple of years after she married, they moved to Far Rockaway. So that gave us an opportunity to go to Far Rockaway. Also when I was in high school, I was a volunteer with the American Red Cross and I did community service at a hospital in Far Rockaway Queens. So I had always thought about becoming a physician, but I don't know, sort of the blood and [inaudible][laughing].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1292.0,1344.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: So that experience turned you off from doing medicine?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1344.0,1353.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: One thing I do remember, which was very interesting was that one afternoon when I was rolling out a patient who was going home, they gave me a dollar tip and I said, \"wow, a dollar.\" I was a volunteer and I had a dollar. I never had a job before that. That was really impressive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1353.0,1376.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: That sounds like a great high school experience. So did you just do that one year as a kind of community service?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1376.0,1386.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: I did that one year. When I was in high school, I did volunteer work in the chemistry lab. You know, again, I thought I would become a physician. So I had a good amount of exposure to certain kinds of things, but not the blood. And then I think it was, when I was in school, the actress Jane Mansfield was in an automobile accident that killed her. And in the paper, one of those gory kind of papers, they had a pole going through her head.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1386.0,1427.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Oh my god!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1427.0,1429.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: That's what I said.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1429.0,1436.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: And was that at the time when you were at the hospital? That was during your high school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1436.0,1441.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: My high school experience. And I think her daughter is now Mariska Hargitay who plays a police officer on television on now what's the series, very famous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1441.0,1459.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Law and Order or something?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1459.0,1462.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Law and Order. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1462.0,1462.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Okay. Oh, that's interesting. So do you remember anything else? We can start talking about Jamaica center. Did you go to any of the theaters or shops on Jamaica center, you or your family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1462.0,1477.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. As teenagers, we really felt we were being very independent when we would take the bus and go to Jamaica Avenue. So in Jamaica, there were a number of movie theaters, the Hillside theater which was on Sutphin Boulevard, the Alden, the Valencia. We would go up on Saturdays and to a lot of—the stores at that time when we were growing up, were not open on Sundays. Sundays, then that changed over time. Saturday was the big day and you can go up and you know, walk down Jamaica Avenue, past Kings Mansion, I think it is. And then in a certain area, there were large department stores, Gertz further down. Off Jamaica Avenue in the 160s was Macy's. We had the Alden movie theater, the Valencia theater. I made a note of some of the stores on Jamaica Avenue. There was the Terminal Shop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1477.0,1566.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Where was the Terminal Shop?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1566.0,1568.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: That was on—what street is that now—is that 160th street, and think it's 160th street where the old Gertz is. Now they have a a flea market kind of set up there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1568.0,1588.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: There's one street, it's 165 street that's kind of like an outdoor shopping mall. I don't know if you remember that block.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1588.0,1598.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yeah, I remember that block, but that changed over time. So one of the things that happened there was—for example, when I was in college, my first year of college, I had my real first job at the Queensboro Public Library, which was then located, the main branch was then located on Parsons Boulevard. And so I was a page there in the reference department. I worked the full day on Saturday, and then part-time during the week. And so that really provided me with an opportunity to not only assist patrons, but during downtime, I could read a number of the publications. So that was very good, very helpful. And you know, I came in contact with a lot of people, so I enjoyed that. The library was then moved and expanded over to—what's the location now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1598.0,1662.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Well, there's a location on Merrick Boulevard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1662.0,1666.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. Okay. Yes. That's the new library. Yes. In those days it was on Parsons Boulevard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1666.0,1672.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Oh, okay. I didn't realize that. Yes. Do you happen to remember what year it moved to Merrick Boulevard?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1672.0,1682.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Oh boy. I'm trying to think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1682.0,1685.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: It's okay. I can look it up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1685.0,1687.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. It may have been during the time when I moved to the Bronx. And so I didn't use it as frequently. I do think I did some research there when I was working on my dissertation though. So because they had a lot of information on Queens, which was very helpful to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1687.0,1709.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Yeah. They had a Queens room. Did they have a Queens room when—?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1709.0,1714.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yeah. That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1714.0,1715.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Okay. Yeah, I heard about it. Do you remember any films you may have seen in Jamaica center at any of the theaters?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1715.0,1732.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yeah, I guess all the popular movies. I'm just trying to think back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1732.0,1739.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Or did you go to the Valencia, for example, do you remember the—?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1739.0,1743.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes, the Valencia, I mean, it was a magnificent theater. It had a high ceiling, I think there were stars in the ceiling, just a great experience. And you know, we could play children's prices which was much less expensive. Also growing up in South Ozone Park, there was a small movie theater called the Park theater, which is no longer there, that was off of Rockaway Boulevard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1743.0,1775.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Okay. There's a theater called the Merrick movie theater. It has a really beautiful facade, like white facade. Do you remember going there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1775.0,1792.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. We went to all the movie theaters along Jamaica Avenue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1792.0,1796.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: And you don't remember anything specific about what you saw at Merrick?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1796.0,1807.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Oh boy. You know, it was a different time in that they showed two movies. You know, when you went to the movie theater, you saw two movies. There were coming attractions, there were cartoons. Just trying to think of what I might've seen. There's a movie Old Yeller. I don't know if that was a movie. Just trying to think of what some of them may have been.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1807.0,1847.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: It's okay. What would determine which movie theater you went to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1847.0,1855.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: What was playing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1855.0,1855.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: What was playing. Okay, the Valencia—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1855.0,1859.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: I think our local movie theater off of Rockaway Boulevard, I think was only 5 cent at one time for children. So I remember we had a neighbor on our block on 120th Avenue, Ms. Gunther [phonetic] whose son was somewhat of an alcoholic and he used to drink a lot of beer. So at that time as is now when you cashed in bottles, they were a nickel a piece, but you can imagine what it was like during that time period. So if we wanted to go to the movies, we would go get some bottles from his place, cash them in, be able to go to the movies, buy a whole lot of snacks once we went into the movie theater, you know? So again, I mean, you know, some things don't change over time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1859.0,1910.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Yeah. That's amazing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1910.0,1913.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yeah. That was a lot of money in those days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1913.0,1916.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Yeah, exactly. Did you bank, did you have a bank account growing up in Jamaica?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1916.0,1930.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. I think they had something through school. I think you had a bank account. And so we had a bank account at a bank on Jamaica Avenue and Sutphin Boulevard I think it was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1930.0,1945.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Okay. Did you visit King Manor museum as a kid?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1945.0,1952.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: I remember passing it all the time. But I don't think it was until I was an adult or in college, and I actually went into it. And now appreciate the history and legacy of Rufus King and so that is important. So I came to appreciate the role that Quakers would play in terms of the not only the New York City experience, but also with the issue of slavery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1952.0,1992.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Yeah. He was an abolitionist. I'm surprised that the local schools didn't really highlight that history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=1992.0,2003.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Not at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2003.0,2007.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Yeah. Interesting. Let me see. Do you want to talk about how the neighborhood changed as you were growing up? You talked about how racially, it changed ethnically, but also in terms of the businesses. I don't know if there was a sense of the socioeconomic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2007.0,2033.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes, there were some local stores on Foch Boulevard, which was in walking distance, a couple of blocks from where he lived. I remember the owner of a candy store. Harry was there, he and his wife, I think her name may have been Ida, I'm not sure. Later someone I knew would take that over and there was also a small—I guess you would call it a deli or something now. Then on Rockaway Boulevard, there were a number of stores. There was a diner on 142 street. Off Rockaway Boulevard, there were stores, Chinese restaurant, well, more takeout kinds of places. There was a pharmacist on Rockaway Boulevard in walking distance. The dentist was just on the other side of Van Wyck Expressway from where we lived. There was Dr. Sachs who had his office on 142nd street, about three blocks from where we lived. And amazingly at that time family doctors made house visits, something that you would never—so they would come with their little medical bag and so on to your home. So it was just a very different time, [inaudible] feeling. So there was a sense of community. We knew neighobors. There were block parties. We had a organization in our community where certain neighbors provided certain services or opportunities for young people. So my mother taught sewing. We went to another woman, Mrs. Hurry [phonetic] who taught us how to cook. We had another—Mr. Wesley who was police officer, but he taught us how to box. And I remember—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2033.0,2177.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: And these were all your neighbors? These were all on your block?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2177.0,2185.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: In our community, civic association. And I remember the neighbor who was teaching boxing classes. He kept saying, come on, hit me, hit me, hit me. And I threw a punch at him and knocked out his tooth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2185.0,2206.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Oh no. [laughing]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2206.0,2206.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Well, I mean, it was a very good time, good opportunity. We enjoyed it. So we felt very pleased growing up then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2206.0,2217.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: So everyone knew each other, I imagine, on your block. And did people spend time outdoors?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2217.0,2226.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. I think those who had stoops would often sit on the stoops. People would walk, they were friendly, you know, people would be walking their dogs. And the later days we developed this gang mentality. And so I remember there was a June boy and the Stompers, in the Shimer area. And so you had to be very careful, you know, in traveling. And we used to go into Brooklyn to go to the St. George pool, but there, you had to be worried about the Brooklyn gangs you know, going to other communities. Things that we would do, we would go ice skating at what was then the Wollman skating rink. I think they call it Trump something [inaudible].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2226.0,2282.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: In Central Park?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2282.0,2282.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. So it was just a lot going on. They had ice skating at off of Grand Central Parkway at—what did they call it. There was the Aquacade pool which was leftover from the World's Fair. And so that was a good place to go during the summer to swim in the pool there. And so we would often take the bus from where I lived and then to the train station, and then be able to walk from the train station to pools in Astoria, to Flushing Meadows Park. So that was a whole experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2282.0,2331.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Did you go to the World's Fair?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2331.0,2333.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes, one of the things that I should point out particularly related to Queens College. At Queens College, we had a chapter of CORE Congress of Racial Equality and interestingly enough, I think it was predominantly white at that time, you know, a lot of civil rights [inaudible]. So one of my classmates, Carolyn Hubbard, was the president of CORE. And we went to the World's Fair when it first opened to picket and to advocate boycotting it because we felt they weren't hiring enough minority employees and workers in the construction and in the staffing. But the World's Fair was a tremendous area for recreation for the whole, not only the metropolitan area, but for the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2333.0,2394.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Yeah. And do you remember any of the displays or pavilions? Does anything come to mind?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2394.0,2403.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. There's the Unisphere which you can still see now. They [inaudible] park and the food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2403.0,2409.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Oh, you remember the food! What was special about the food?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2409.0,2413.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: You just go to different nationalities and get things. So I remember the Belgian waffles and some other things, you know, with ice cream on them and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2413.0,2422.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Did they have carts or no, it was pavilions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2422.0,2426.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Pavilions. Yeah, there may have been a few carts for ice cream and things like that, but they had pavilions there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2426.0,2431.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Okay. Do you remember, was there was it Ford? Any of the car companies had?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2431.0,2439.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. They had displays, they had I think you could actually go in and sit in a car and it would take you around a certain path in that pavilion. It was very exciting too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2439.0,2454.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Yeah. So do you want to start talking about Queens College? What year did you start?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2454.0,2464.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: I started Queens College in 1962 after I graduated from John Adams High School. And when I went to Queens College, it was overwhelmingly white. I remember seeing when data was collected, that only 0.5% of the students were black. Fortunately there were students I knew from John Adams High School who also attended Queens College at that time. And people find it amazing when I talk to young people now that we did not have to pay tuition. So it was to—[inaudible] you don't even seem surprised. [laughing] No tuition. So when I was getting ready to come out of high school, I had applied to a number of colleges. One was St John's University and at St. John's University, I received a partial scholarship. So I think the tuition at state St John's at that time was $3,000 a year. My scholarship was worth $1,500. My parents had to pay maybe $1,500 and I would have to pay $1,500. And I said, no way, I'm not going to graduate from school having to owe money with a student loan. So, you know, Queens College was the joint.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2464.0,2561.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: My sister, before she got married, had gone to Queens College part-time, but then when she got married, she stopped going there. So I went to Queens College in 1966. It was overwhelmingly white. There were a number of students from John Adams who also went to Queens College. And then the following year, my late brother, Richard Mangum, who had as I mentioned earlier, was able to finish junior high school in two years, instead of three, based on his IQ scores, he then went to Stuyvesant High School, which was a very prestigious high school in Manhattan that you had to take a test and qualify for it. And he came to Queens College the following year. So when we were at Queens College, the black population was so small that we were able to sit in the cafeteria and occupy two tables, you know, the black students often sat together. So we get a chance to know most of the black students during that time. And then the following year, prior to driving to Queens College, I was able to benefit from a friend's sister who lived down the block around the corner from me, Beverly Dorsey [phonetic], who was older, but she was going full-time now. And she, and another of her friends and classmates, the late Rosalyn Terborg, we would all ride to Queens College with them. So I sat in the back, I was a little freshmen and they sat in the front seats and it was just interesting to overhear them talk about their experience in college and then also in a sorority. And so it really was a good experience for me. I got my own driver's license when I turned 18, then I too would ride my friends to Queens College. I would make a couple of stops within the South Ozone Park/Jamaica area and charge each person 25 cents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2561.0,2717.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: It was your friends you were charging?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2717.0,2722.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: So with that 25 cents—because normally where we lived, we would have to take two buses to get to Queens College, the Greenline bus and the New York City bus. So we had to pay two fares, not one, but two fares. And so they saved. And so I was able to take that money and not only pay for my gas, but yes, have a little change. Because I was providing a service. I'd come and pick them up at the house. On the way home, I would drop them off at their home. So it was really advantageous to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2722.0,2761.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: One of the things that I recall—there were several incidents that occurred when I was at Queens College and one incident occurred when one of my classmates in a math class came in crying. And it was on November 22nd of 1963. I guess she had gone to the bathroom, she came in and she was crying and then she let us know that President John F. Kennedy was assassinated. That was November 22nd, 1963. So somehow all my friends who I drove home, we all met at the location where we would meet to go to the car and on the way home, we were silent. You know, we were listening to radio. It was just unbelievable that something like that could occur. So that was a very sad experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2761.0,2832.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: I was going to say my experience when I—one of the things that I did when I was at Queens College is I joined a historically black fraternity Kappa Alpha Psi, which was founded in 1911. And there, when we were at the Kappa house, which our chapter Omicron was a chapter for young people citywide. And so interestingly enough, because of the way things were in those days here in New York City, it turned out that the 10 people who pledged with me, including my brother, were all Roman Catholic. So that was just sort of strange, but they went to Catholic schools, Iona college and Manhattan College; one went to LIU and my brother and I went to Queens College. And it was there on February 21st, 1965, that one of the alumni brothers who was a reporter for the New York Times, his name was Ted Jones. He was an alumni brother. So he was much older than us. We were all at the Kappa house; he received a telephone call there. We didn't have cell phones in those days, indicating that Malcolm X was shot at the Audubon ballroom in Harlem. So again, that was something that was just very stunning for all of us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2832.0,2939.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: I also wanted to mention that my Queens College things were always shaped by these disturbances. When I was in graduate school at Queens College doing research for my thesis, I was there on April 4th, 1968. And all of a sudden I was the only person there and the staff wasn't really saying anything to anyone. And so at a certain time, when the library was getting ready to close, I left, I got into the car and I realized that on that day, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated. So it was my Queens College experience in the studies that I was doing, just sort of linked these major developments in African-American history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2939.0,2996.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Were there students participating in any of the civil rights demonstrations?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=2996.0,3004.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. As I said at Queens College, we had a chapter of CORE and so that was very active there. Queens at the time had a number of speakers who came to the school. In fact, one of the things that I did and I regret that I did it, was Martin Luther King Jr. came to speak at Queens College, but I had a class. And so I didn't think I should go. And I regret that to this day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3004.0,3038.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3038.0,3041.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: So I was very conscientious in those days, doing what I thought was the right thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3041.0,3047.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: So were members of CORE going to any of the demonstrations in the city?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3047.0,3058.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yeah, I remember World's Fair. There were people who were actively involved. In fact, I didn't know him, but Andrew Goodman, who was killed, was a Queens College student. I didn't know him, but you can look him up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3058.0,3082.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Was he killed in the South? Was he one of the—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3082.0,3085.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes, there were three of them in the South. There were two blacks and he was the one white. And in fact, when I was going through my Queens College yearbook, there was a tribute to him. He was listed as one of the things so if you take a look at the Queens College yearbook for 1966, there's a reference to him there. There were I think a number of people who were just very progressive for the time who were at Queens College. We had, I would say, a very liberal population on campus. I think that a number of students; we had a significant Jewish American population. I think that people were supportive of the civil rights movement, open to integration. Many of them had lost elders who were killed in the concentration camps of Europe during world war two. So I think that Queens was a very progressive institution at the time. I think the faculty members that I had all seemed to be very liberal, very open, very encouraging.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3085.0,3174.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Are there any names that come to mind in terms of professors who mentored you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3174.0,3185.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. I think one was probably Dr. Leo Hershkowitz in the history department. He, I think, taught several classes dealing with black history and encouraged me to go to graduate school. In fact, he wanted me to get a master's in history at Queens College and sort of move into the level of college teaching. At that time, I was more thoughtful of going into secondary education. You know, I think at that time I had plans on becoming the superintendent or now chancellor of all of the New York City public schools. So that was my bent. It wasn't until later on when I went on to teach at Fordham University that I realized that I wanted to become an African-American studies professor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3185.0,3258.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: So what was your major? So you did your undergrad—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3258.0,3262.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yeah, I did my undergraduate at Queens College. I got my BA in history and I had a minor, I satisfied the requirements for education. So I was able to get my provisional license after passing an exam to become a social studies teacher. And then I went to Queens College to get my master's degree, master's of science in education. And so that kept me at Queens for a period of time. When I graduated from Queens College, I was able to get an offer to teach at John Bowne High School, which was right down the street from Queens College on Main street. And John Bowne was a new school and everything was brand new. There were students who came not only from Queens, but also they had a program in agriculture. So there were students who actually came from the Bronx and other places.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3262.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: So I had a terrific experience teaching at John Bowne under my social studies chairperson Carl Berlin [phonetic]. And at John Bowne, there were also other Queens College graduates who were there: Felicia Goldstein [phonetic] who graduated with me. I really didn't know her, although she said she remembered me from some classes, who also taught there as well as some other faculty members. Fortunately at Queens College, I was able to teach a number of courses. Not at Queens College at John Bowne High School. And one was a course in Afro-American history. And as a result of that, I was able to give a demonstration lesson for the association of social studies teachers in New York City. And we received a lot of attention regarding that. And people came to know me through that. So I think Queens College really benefited me in many respects in that way. Little did I know I would later go on to become an adjunct lecturer at Queens College. I wrote the dates down. When was I there? I made so many notes, now I can't find them. I taught at John Bowne High School from 1966 to 1969, and I got tenure there. I received that award in 1968 and I— Oh boy, I wrote it down someplace. I taught as an adjunct lecturer at Queens College for about three years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3330.0,3466.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: So where did you go after you left John Bowne in 1969? Is that when you went to Queens College?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3466.0,3475.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: No. I left John Bowne and I had an opportunity, I had an offer to direct the Upward Bound program at Fordham University. Upward Bound is a federal program that helps to prepare what are described as educationally disadvantaged, educationally, and economically disadvantaged students for college. So that was a tremendous experience. I was the director of Upward Bound at Fordham University for two years, then I was invited to join the department [African American Studies Program], and that seemed very attractive to me. And I did that because I felt that teaching would be a lot easier than being an administrator and going to graduate school at the same time. You would teach three classes a semester as opposed to working a long 9 to 5 day as an administrator. So anyway, I did that. I went to Teacher's College Columbia university, and there, I decided to no longer aim to become the superintendent or chancellor of all New York City schools, but to become a professor. And so I switched my degree from a doctor of education to a doctor of philosophy. So I graduated from Columbia University in 1976 with that degree. I continued to teach at Fordham university until I retired. And so I was at Fordham some over 40 years, I retired in May of 2011.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3475.0,3606.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Is there anything else that you'd like to talk about or that we didn't cover?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3606.0,3620.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Well, I think I had mentioned that both my brother and my sister went to Queens College. My late brother graduated from Queens College in 1969. And my sister in the seventies. I forget what year it was in the seventies. And she also got a master's from Queens College as well. So anyway, Queens College has been a significant factor in our experience, and it's just very disturbing that today, college is so expensive for so many people. In fact, there was was a book about City College and what was called the Jewish poor. You know, that was the name of it. There were so many people who were able to benefit from the no tuition factor of the city university system, City College and Hunter College and Lehman, and Bernard Baruch, and all these schools that occurred. So I'm sorry that now it's so challenging for many people to go to school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3620.0,3707.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Yeah, definitely. Did you want to say more about the fraternity at Queens College? You didn't live on campus, I assume you were commuting, but there was a house there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3707.0,3722.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: No, at that time students didn't live on campus, what it is now. There may have been people who shared apartments or something, on their own, but that was different. And so at that time Kappa Alpha Psi was a historically black college [sic, fraternity]. It was founded in 1911, and we had a city-wide chapter called Omicron that allowed members from all different schools to participate. And so it was an interesting experience in that it gave me a perspective on a number of high-achieving black men. And so we connected and we bonded, you know. We had to travel from Queens to Manhattan. The fraternity house was located on 141 street between Amsterdam Avenue and Convent Avenue. So it was like around the corner from City College. And so it was just a very good influence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3722.0,3792.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: So it was a citywide?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3792.0,3797.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: The chapter was citiwide,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3797.0,3799.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: But it was a national.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3799.0,3800.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: It was founded in 1911 in Bloomington, Indiana, Indiana University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3800.0,3809.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Does it still exist?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3809.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Oh yes. It very much exists. And it's just in fact, one of the people that President Trump had blocked from joining the Supreme Court or what's his name, McDonald?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3810.0,3833.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Oh, Garrett. No, Merrit. Oh, no, sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3833.0,3836.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: No, the head of the Senate Mitch McConnell had blocked the nomination that was made by President Obama for this Kappa brother to become a member of the Supreme court. So anyway, you know, you find out all kinds of interesting things in terms of this large network that we have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3836.0,3864.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Did you stay in touch with the people you met in that network, throughout your career?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3864.0,3871.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. In fact, I was also able to help found a chapter of the fraternity at Fordham University too. And so, again, when I was going through the Queens College yearbook for 1966, I saw a number of fraternities and sororities and other organizations that had, I didn't fully understand what they were. And I had one friend Greg Crawford [phonetic] who actually joined a white fraternity. In fact there's a picture of him and he's the only black person in that picture. But my brother and I and several others chose to join historically black fraternities and sororities. And so as I mentioned earlier, with a 0.5% black student population at Queens College at the time we had a need to connect with other black people. So it was an interesting time and this was during the civil rights movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3871.0,3947.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: And so we had this desire to become involved with more people. You know, like in my classes, I think I mentioned earlier at John Adams High School being in the honors program, I was the only black male. There were other black females at John Adams who went on to Queens College. But you know, it was tough. Growing up in the early days in my Queens neighborhood, we did interact with one another, but then as the parents started to move out, we lost contact with a lot of these people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3947.0,3996.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: And so were you aware of the white flight and the reasons behind it, the red lining?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=3996.0,4006.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: To some degree, you know, it became increasingly obvious. I think, but to some degree, that was true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=4006.0,4017.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: And did you lose friends, white friends who left?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=4017.0,4021.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Yes. So as I said, we all enjoyed you know, that kind of interaction, just playing and so on. And so things changed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=4021.0,4035.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Ganjian: Yeah. Um, okay. So any last thoughts about your childhood in Queens or growing up in Queens or a grand summary thesis statement?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=4035.0,4055.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831/transcript/34151/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claude Mangum: Well, one of the things I was pleased, as I said, I taught at Queens College as an adjunct lecturer. And, you know, I taught a history of black education and a course on the Caribbean. And I was pleased to see the increase of black students at Queens College. I mean, it was just—in my day at Queens College, when you walked across campus and you saw another black student, you would acknowledge one another. Going back these days, you know, that doesn't happen. [laughing]. You don't know one another where you're just pleased to see another person of color. So I think I'm pleased to see the change that has taken place in terms of the demographics of the campus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/45733/file/118831#t=4055.0,4121.02531"}]}]}]}