{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/nk3610z33n/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Bernie Weiss Oral History"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/010/original/Aviary_QPLlogo_192x192.png?1578574261","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBernie Weiss recounted his life growing up in New York City during the 1940s and 1950s. He shared detailed memories of his childhood in Brooklyn and Queens, focusing on how people, particularly children, coped with summer heat before the widespread availability of air conditioning. He described outdoor street games, summer-long stays in bungalows at Rockaway Beach, and visits to public swimming pools like the Aquacade at the former World's Fair grounds. Weiss also shared significant personal anecdotes from his adult life, including his experience during the 1965 Northeast blackout and his eventual work as a tour director in New York City, which allowed him to share his deep knowledge of the city's history and culture. Throughout the conversation, he reflected on the changing nature of New York City, regional stereotypes, and the impact of technology on urban life.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCC BY-NC-SA Contact digitalarchives@queenslibrary.org for research and reproduction requests.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2025-03-19 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Bernie Weiss (Interviewee)","Daniel Cumming (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Interview recorded as part of Melting Metropolis: Everyday Histories of Health and Heat in London, New York, and Paris since 1945"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["1943-2025 (temporal)","Flushing, Rockaway Beach, and Jamaica, Queens, NY; New York, NY (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBernie Weiss recounted his life growing up in New York City during the 1940s and 1950s. He shared detailed memories of his childhood in Brooklyn and Queens, focusing on how people, particularly children, coped with summer heat before the widespread availability of air conditioning. He described outdoor street games, summer-long stays in bungalows at Rockaway Beach, and visits to public swimming pools like the Aquacade at the former World's Fair grounds. Weiss also shared significant personal anecdotes from his adult life, including his experience during the 1965 Northeast blackout and his eventual work as a tour director in New York City, which allowed him to share his deep knowledge of the city's history and culture. Throughout the conversation, he reflected on the changing nature of New York City, regional stereotypes, and the impact of technology on urban life.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCC BY-NC-SA Contact digitalarchives@queenslibrary.org for research and reproduction requests.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Queens Public Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Queens Public Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/010/original/Aviary_QPLlogo_192x192.png?1578574261","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/312/745/small/weiss_bernie_20250319_portrait_resized.jpg?1782161314","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - weiss_bernie_20250319_edit.mp4"]},"duration":3917.72,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/312/745/small/weiss_bernie_20250319_portrait_resized.jpg?1782161314","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-queenslibrary.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/312/745/original/weiss_bernie_20250319_edit.mp4?1782160428","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3917.72,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Full Transcript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oral History with Bernie Weiss, interviewed by Daniel Cumming (Queens College), transcribed by Kristal Melendez (Queens College)\r\nInterview conducted at 2 PM on March 19, 2025, recorded over Zoom. Interview is edited for clarity.\r\n\r\n\r\nTRANSCRIPTION BEGIN","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=0.0,5.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I am Bernie Weiss. I was born in January of 1943. I spent the, I guess, the first 11 years of my life in Brooklyn, although I was born in Manhattan. A story that you've heard before is that my birthplace is actually a historic landmark. And the reason I know that has to do with running across an article in the Times a number of years ago about a woman who wanted to put a window box with flowers on her window sill in her apartment. It turns out that the building that she lived in, which is now apartments, used to be the hospital in which I was born. And there's something about the architecture or something or other that justifies its being a historic place. So I was born in a place that is a historic landmark, a fact that has absolutely nothing to do with my life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=5.0,69.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I spent the, well, the first 10 and a half or 11 years of my life in Brooklyn, almost in Queens, in the area called City Line, which is a misnomer because the border between Queens and Brooklyn is not the city's border at all, but it's the border of two boroughs. The area was also known as a part of East New York. And then in 1954, my family moved to Queens. We moved to within a couple of blocks of the Queens College campus. I lived on 160th street near 65th Avenue. And so I'm local to that part of the city. I have since lived in a number of other places, but I spent a fair number of my childhood and adolescent years in the shadow of Queens College. My other connection with Queens College rather than the borough, is that my oldest son is a graduate of Queens College. So that's my relationship to Queens, the borough, and the college.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=69.0,142.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: That's fantastic. Thank you. I wonder if I could ask some of your earliest memories growing up in the neighborhood near Queens College or in Queens generally?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=142.0,152.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Well, in the summertime it was hot. This is not a profound statement. And we didn't have air conditioning, and my earliest memories are very vague. I mean, there were hot days in the summer and cold days in the winter. What else can I say? I played outside in the summertime, rather than staying indoors. It was a little bit cooler outside even on hot days. In fact, you reminded me of another story that I haven't told in years. You're very good at eliciting ancient tales. From my memory here, when I lived in Brooklyn, I might've been eight or nine, maybe 10 years old. One of the things we did as kids was play baseball. We played sandlot baseball, but it was literally on a sandlot. It wasn't on a manicured field with grass or even with hard packed dirt. It was just a sandlot. And I remember one incident in which I swung at a pitch and the ball dropped in front of home plate and just laid there in the dirt, in the sand because it was not the kind of a surface that would allow the ball to bounce once dropped. And we didn't have uniforms, we didn't have organized teams. We just chose up sides. No umpires. So I started running around the bases while the other kids on the field were arguing about whether it was a fair or a foul ball. And by the time I got back to home plate, they had decided that it was a fair ball. So I had a home run on a ball I hit maybe three inches in front of the home plate. Go figure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=152.0,269.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: So we played outside. We ran around. You've heard or seen or read about sidewalk games that kids played with the roller skating and the pavement boxes. You know what a Spaldeen is?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=269.0,287.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=287.0,289.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I'm astounded. A Spaldeen is a rubber ball that looks like it might be a shaved tennis ball; it doesn't have any fuzz on it. It's a little bit smaller than a tennis ball. And it was the universally used implement for games as far as I was a kid. It bounced well, and it wasn't hard like a baseball, so you didn't need a glove to handle it. And it was used for all kinds of games. Where do I begin? A variety of baseball that was played on usually a hard surface, like maybe in a school yard we called punch ball. You threw the ball up with one hand and hit it with the other hand and ran around the bases, and the fielders did what fielders did. They played the ball. A Spaldeen was called that because we didn't know how to pronounce the name that was written on the ball, which was Spalding, the Albert Spalding Sporting Goods company that goes back to the 19th century. And the word Spalding was on the ball, but it was pronounced where I lived as Spaldeen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=289.0,368.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Oh, that's funny.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=368.0,370.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I have actually a Spaldeen buried in my dresser drawer. It's a historic artifact. Now, if you'd like to see it, I can get it for you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=370.0,380.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: I'd love that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=380.0,382.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: But the Spaldeen was also used in sidewalk games, like what we called box ball. Box ball, I guess, was a variety of tennis in which one player stood on a crack in the sidewalk, the paving blocks, and two paving blocks away was the opponent. And in the middle was the line or the space between the two blocks. And we would slap the ball from our side of the court to the other side, and the opponent would have to return it. It would be like a tennis game. And if somebody missed a shot, the other guy got a point. We played games with things like bottle tops, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=382.0,435.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: There was a game called skelly that involved throwing bottle tops into a chalk circle on the ground, on the pavement. And depending on where the bottle tops landed and whether they hit and moved others, points were scored. It's more complicated than it sounds. The bottom line is that we played outside in hot weather. We got out of the house as much as possible. My family never had air conditioning. Before we moved to Queens, I can remember the years 1950 through 1954, we were not wealthy, but my parents had enough money that we went to Rockaway Beach in the summertime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=435.0,487.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: And they would rent what were called bungalows. Now, I don't know technically whether they're architecturally bungalows or not. I know that that term means something to architects, but they were the houses for rent in Rockaway, within walking distance of the beach. And we would spend the whole summer out there. On what my mother would call “beach days,” we'd go to the beach and I learned to swim in the ocean. I liked that. I enjoyed that. There was no lying on the sand sunbathing for me. The beach was the water. I wanted to go into the ocean, and I did. I learned to body surf and generally find my way into the ocean and back to the sand. I don't know what the adults did except worry about the kids, but we played in the water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=487.0,543.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: That's amazing. Do you remember any lifeguards or anything?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=543.0,547.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Not individuals, but I remember the lifeguard guards sat on very high chairs. And I used to think it must have been painful for them to leap off the chair and run into the ocean because they weren't wearing shoes. And they would have to jump; these chairs might've been eight or 10 feet off the ground. So it took some physical ability for the lifeguards to do their job. I never saw a rescue, fortunately. I never saw anybody need to be rescued. But the lifeguard sat there all day long in the sun. I haven't been to Rockaway Beach in, what feels like a century and a half, but they used to have and maybe still do a boardwalk. And along the boardwalk were shops and food places. And I remember being introduced to a couple of varieties of food that I hadn't previously eaten. My first piece of pizza was at Rockaway Beach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=547.0,614.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Oh, wow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=614.0,615.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: They had a place that sold knishes. You know what knishes are?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=615.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Oh, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=619.0,620.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Okay. They had potato knishes, they had cheese knishes. They had ice cream places, and there was a takeout restaurant that purported to sell Chinese food or what passed for American Chinese food. And they had a product whose name today would be, I'm thinking ethnically offensive. It was called the Takey Cup. In those days, some people ridiculed the way Chinese people spoke English; you may have heard the expression, \"No tickee, no shirtee\" relating to cleaning places, clothing, cleaning. Well, the Takey Cup was actually a hard noodle with an indentation that held a scoop full or a spoonful of chow mein, and you could eat the chow mein out of the bowl, and then eat the bowl.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=620.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: So that was boardwalk food also. And again, in hot weather in those days, along the boardwalk somewhere, I guess in the Beach 30th Street area, in the twenties or thirties, there was an outdoor movie theater.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=690.0,711.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I remember once or twice being taken there because it was cooler to sit outdoors and watch a film than it was to go into a movie theater that didn't have air conditioning. And it was dark and relatively cool. Which brings me to another way of dealing with the heat. The movies, most of the theaters, or at least the ones that I knew, had air conditioning before other buildings did. We didn't do this every day or every week, but one way of escaping the heat was to go to the movies. And I can think of many films that are totally forgettable, but it was a cool place to spend a couple of hours. So we used to do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=711.0,759.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Aside from the beach, when I lived in Queens, we were not far from what was left of the 1939-1940 World's Fair in Flushing Meadows. And as I mentioned last week, there are still some buildings that survive. I don't know if it's still there, but in the 1950s when I was a kid, there was a World's Fair building referred to as the Aquacade. It was a swimming pool in front of a grandstand, and they had swimming demonstrations and the aquatic ballet performances that I never saw, because that was during the fair, and I wasn't born yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=759.0,804.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: But the building, the Aquacade, survived, at least through my childhood. And we would go swimming there. It was a public pool that had dressing rooms and showers. So that was a place we went to when we didn't go to the beach; we went to the Aquacade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=804.0,821.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Wow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=821.0,822.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: It was at the southern end of the fairgrounds, not far from what is now the Long Island Expressway. I don't know if it's still there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=822.0,833.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: I don't know either. That's fascinating though. It's a really interesting way that everybody reused some of the remnants of the fair and turned it into cooling infrastructure, a playground, a swimming pool. That's amazing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=833.0,850.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: So that was a public pool, and it was not just for kids. I mean, anybody could go there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=850.0,854.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=854.0,857.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: What else can I tell you about that? I know last week we talked about how I personally dealt with the subways in hot weather. And again, I am sure that I am not the only person to have done this. This is not original or profound or creative. But in those days, and I'm not sure whether it's still the case today because I haven't been on the subway in a long time, the doors at the ends of the cars, of the rail cars, would open. You could go from one car to another while the train was rolling, which was dangerous, but you could do it. And people had their reasons for changing cars. What I used to do was stand at the doorway with my hand wrapped around a grab bar that was outside the door and try to catch whatever wind would be developed as the train went through the tunnel. It was not exactly cold. It was warm air, but it was moving air.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=857.0,924.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: On certain trains, notably the trains of the BMT line—remember there were three subway lines originally, the IRT from 1904, the first one was the IRT, then the BMT from the 1920s, and then the Independent, the IND, opened, I think in 1932, and eventually they merged into one system owned by the city. The BMT cars that I used to ride had at the ends of the cars in the doors windows that could open. You could slide a sash down from the top to the bottom panel and the wind would come in. So I would do that whenever I was on a BMT train in the summertime. I would make sure I got to the front car and stand at the door with the window open, and the wind would blow. And as a kid, it was kind of entertaining and interesting to watch through the window of the door, the subway itself, the signals and how they worked and how the trains got into the stations and slowed down and took off again after they exchanged passengers. So as I said, not profound, not original, but I caught a little bit of a breeze by standing at the open door of some trains and at the open front window of other trains.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=924.0,1009.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: And I imagine other folks are probably trying to do the same. Was it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1009.0,1012.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I'm sure I wasn't the only person who did that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1012.0,1014.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah. Yeah. It must've been crowded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1014.0,1018.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: The subway was a hot place, and I remember distinctly that the air temperature in the subway was on a delayed response to the air temperature outside. The subway stayed hotter into the fall and got cooler or stayed cooler into the spring and summer than the outside temperatures would've suggested. In September, it would still be baking hot in the subway, even though it might be relatively comfortable outside. And in the fall, the same thing would happen. As the seasons changed, there was a delay. It would be colder in the subway and hotter outside as the summer overtook the city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1018.0,1070.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Interesting. Yeah. So I wonder if people used, well, I wonder if people had to carry extra layers or shed extra layers at unexpected times of the year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1070.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I don't really know about that. I don't think the difference was that significant, but it was noticeable as you went down the steps, you could feel the change in temperature. At least I could.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1080.0,1090.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Wow. Wow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1090.0,1092.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: So what else can I tell you about being cool? It was difficult to be cool. It was a hot place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1092.0,1098.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Right, right. Yeah. I mean, it's what's known as the urban heat island effect where cities are hotter than the countryside, and it makes a certain logical sense. But with all the concrete, with all the bricks and everything, them packed tightly together, cities are really hot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1098.0,1114.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: And the people, body to body, back to back, and belly to belly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1114.0,1117.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Oh, especially on the subways. Yeah. I mean, that must have been, I can't imagine how hot that must have been actually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1117.0,1124.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I'm sure that somebody may have collected temperature records. I don't know. Somebody must have done that at some period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1124.0,1137.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Well, how about during your childhood? Do you remember going to, you mentioned one pool, a really interesting pool. Do you remember any other pools that you had frequented?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1137.0,1143.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: No. The only pool that I remember going to was the Aquacade at the World's Fair Grounds. I know the city had other public pools, but we didn't use them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1143.0,1154.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1154.0,1155.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: We went to the one that was convenient.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1155.0,1157.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: That's right. Yeah, that makes sense. And so you spend your entire summers out there at Rockaway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1157.0,1162.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: For five years. Yeah, from 1950 to 54. That was the last time. It was better than being in an apartment in the city because there were more days—you could go out and play in the street, but it wasn't as comfortable as going to the beach and getting into the water. So being at Rockaway was an advantage, and I remember, I'm sure it's gone by now, there used to be a little airport at Rockaway Beach in the shadow of what was then Idlewild (and is now Kennedy). There were small planes that took off from the north side of the Rockaway Peninsula. I don't know. It might've been called Rockaway Airport. I don't know. But once in a while, I'd go over there and watch the planes take off. The big ones going into and coming out from Idlewild would fly right over the private planes I was watching.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1162.0,1223.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Oh, yeah. Interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1223.0,1226.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: What else can I tell you about? Those were the days when to get to Rockaway Beach by car you went over the Cross Bay Bridge. And it cost, I think a dime. By train, you used the Long Island Rail Road until the trestle burned down, which I think happened in 1950. And then years later, the subway was extended so that the train that when I was a kid ended at Euclid Avenue in Brooklyn, was extended and joined an elevated train in the City Line area where Brooklyn and Queens come together on Liberty Avenue, I think it was called, and ran elevated. The main line ended in Richmond Hill, but 100th street was where the Long Island Rail Road tracks were, and the subway was extended to go down to those tracks and eventually over the bay and into Rockaway, where it got to the peninsula. One branch turned left and went to Far Rockaway. The other turned right and went to Rockaway Park. But that happened after 1950 when the Long Island Rail Road trestle was destroyed. But we never went there by subway. We would go by car or occasionally by bus. It got easier to get to Rockaway Beach. Too late for me to enjoy that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1226.0,1319.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah, so you would, okay. Yeah. That would change the commute for most folks, I'd imagine. Yeah. Do you recall any of the social demographics, dynamics perhaps with other families who were vacationing out at Rockaway?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1319.0,1337.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: It was like the city. It was ethnically mixed. I don't know. I remember there were Jewish families and Italian families and Irish families. I don't know what the percentages were, but it was like the city. It reflected the city. There was a black community in the area called Arverne, and that was notable. I don't know whether it was legally segregated or just customarily segregated, but we never saw black people outside of Arverne, by my memory anyway. But otherwise, it was the same kind of ethnic mix that the city is known for as I recall it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1337.0,1390.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1390.0,1393.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: As I said, you could get pizza and you could get Chinese food on the boardwalk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1393.0,1398.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah. Yeah. That's what sparked the question. It's an interesting mix of, yeah. Culinary options. Yeah. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1398.0,1406.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I'll tell you more stories.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1406.0,1407.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah. Well, one story that we talked about last week that I found really fascinating was your memories of, and here we're going forward in time a little bit, the 1965 heat wave.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1407.0,1419.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Well, it was not a heat wave, but in 1965, in November, actually by November, the subways were still warm, but it was cool outside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1419.0,1429.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Oh, that's right. It wasn't the heat wave. That's right. Okay. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1429.0,1431.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: But in November of 1965, there was a power failure that affected a good part of the northeast of the United States, originating in Ontario. I don't know how far south it ran, but a good chunk of the Northeast was blacked out of electricity. And it happened during rush hour, around five-thirty in the afternoon. I was living in the Briarwood section of Jamaica, and I would take the subway to and from work that eventually ran under Queens Boulevard. I know they've renumbered and relettered the trains since then, but I took the E train from lower Manhattan. I worked in the financial district on John Street, and so I was in the train as it ground to a stop in the tunnel, not at a station, and the lights went out except for the emergency lights.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1431.0,1506.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: In those days, the trains that I rode on had 15 watt light bulbs, naked light bulbs in addition to the main lighting system, and I just happened to be standing under one of these light bulbs that went on when the power went off. I was reading my newspaper and standing there, and I don't know how long we were stationary, but it took a while before people began to talk to each other. ‘Hey, what's going on here?’ ‘Anybody know what's happening?’ ‘What's going to be?’ Nobody really knew. I mean, we were literally in the dark, figuratively, and literally in the dark.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1506.0,1545.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Eventually a member of the train crew came through and told us that one car of our train happened—I was on an express train in the middle track—and he told us that one car of our train was opposite a car of a local train on the near track next to the wall, so they had arranged to put planks from the door of one train to the door of the other train, and I walked the plank from my train to the other train, and I was not alone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1545.0,1579.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Other people did it. I'm sure there were people who were older or disabled or for other reasons didn't do that. But I was young and healthy and I wanted to get home. So we went from my train to the local train, and then from that train to the catwalk that goes along the wall of the tunnel, and we walked until we came to a ladder that led up to a grating in the sidewalk. You've seen those sidewalk gratings. They're actually ventilation for the subway, and in this case, they were an emergency exit for the subway. I climbed up the ladder and found myself on Queens Boulevard somewhere in the Newtown section, and I knew where I was, but I heard people around me who didn't know. They took the same train every day back and forth, but they had no idea of the geography upstairs. I don't know if those people ever got home. They could still be there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1579.0,1634.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I walked down Queens Boulevard. It must've been maybe four miles, five miles, but again, I was young and healthy, and I got back home. The next morning, the power was on. About 10 o'clock in the morning, I went back to work, and on the return trip in the evening, the same faces were there, the same people. But New York is New York. Nobody talked to each other. We had just lived through a historic event, and life was back to normal. Read the paper, read your book, play your game. Just sit and look at the people. Some things never change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1634.0,1672.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Which reminds me of something else I wanted to mention to you that we didn't cover last week, that does not have to do with summer necessarily, but relates to American regional stereotypes about how people behave. This may be totally irrelevant to your research, but you can't stop me from telling the story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1672.0,1696.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Please, I want to hear it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1696.0,1698.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: You know that in this country, there are stereotypes about how people behave in different areas. You've heard of Southern hospitality. You've heard that New Englanders are supposed to be standoffish and not friendly, that Midwesterners are supposed to be very friendly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1698.0,1720.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Here's a story. As I mentioned to you last week, I lived for about five years in Spokane, Washington, and eventually, it was 1994, I moved back east to Worcester, Massachusetts. I did that in November, right after a national election. That was a turning point in politics, something similar to what we are living through now. The Republicans took over the Congress, where the Democrats had had the majority for a long, long time, and Newt Gingrich became the Speaker of the House. Anyway, I'm in Worcester, Massachusetts, waiting on line in a public place. I think it was a bank, and there were a couple of guys in front of me talking about the election results. So I joined the conversation and pointed out that my congressman from Spokane, who happened to have been the Speaker of the House, lost his seat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1720.0,1785.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: And one of these guys said to me, “Oh, you are from the Northwest. Isn't everybody friendly out there?” I thought for a second, and I said to him, “Look, in my experience, wherever you go in this country, there are nice people and there are nasty people, but it is true that in the Northwest, when you're being stabbed in the back, you get a smile in the front.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1785.0,1812.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: About right. I'm from the Northwest. That sounds about right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1812.0,1815.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: You've lived in Seattle, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1815.0,1817.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yep. [Laughs]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1817.0,1819.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: A related story happened maybe 10 or 15 years ago. I don't remember exactly when. I was back in Connecticut working in the Hartford area. I had business in Manhattan, and I invited my son, the one who went to Queens College, actually. I invited him and his then girlfriend to meet me for lunch at the now defunct Stage Delicatessen on Seventh Avenue. We had our meal, and as we were leaving the building and walking down Seventh Avenue toward Penn Station for me to take the train back to Hartford, a total stranger came out of the crowd and asked me for directions. And this is such an unbelievable story that you have to believe it. This guy said to me, “How can I get to Carnegie Hall?” So what could I say? The only answer I could give him was the one that comedians have been using since Carnegie Hall opened in 1891. “Practice.” My son's girlfriend was from Virginia, and she was positively mortified. I heard her say to Andy, “Did you hear what your father told that man, said to that man?” Well, then I gave him the directions. We happened to be about two blocks from Carnegie Hall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1819.0,1913.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: But I like to tell that story because it illustrates a point that I think is important, which is New Yorkers in the City, not upstate, have a reputation for being unfriendly, unhelpful. But I don't think that's necessarily accurate. I think they're like anybody else. In general, New Yorkers are just as willing to help a stranger as anybody else would be anywhere else. The difference is that people in this city are busy, they're running, their heads are down, they’ve got to go someplace. So it's hard to get the attention of a New Yorker, but if you do, you'll get help.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1913.0,1952.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1952.0,1952.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I did tell him how to get to Carnegie Hall after all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1952.0,1955.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah, no, that's been my experience. Some of the friendliest people I've met are New York City residents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1955.0,1962.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Yeah, they're like anybody else, but you have to have the patience to get their attention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1962.0,1967.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Well, I wonder if there is, oh, I wanted to ask you a little bit more about the heat that you recall in your childhood home. When you said it was basically so hot that it made sense to be playing outside and that kind of thing, and you hadn't lived with the air conditioning at that point. When did you first live in an apartment or a house with air conditioning? What was that like?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1967.0,1998.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: The first time I lived with air conditioning was in 1973. By that time, I had lived in Queens, of course. I was born in Manhattan, grew up partly in Brooklyn, spent most of my childhood in Queens, lived in Queens while I was working in lower Manhattan, moved to Elizabeth, New Jersey for my job. I moved to Elizabeth, New Jersey for my job, but our apartment was not air conditioned. A year and a half later, we moved to Connecticut, to the Hartford area, and the apartment we lived in did not have air conditioning. Then we bought a house in 1973, and there we had air conditioning. So I spent a good part of my life without air conditioning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=1998.0,2056.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2056.0,2059.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I haven't been without it since.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2059.0,2061.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah, exactly. Well, I'm again from the Pacific Northwest where there just historically hasn't been air conditioning, except relatively recently. I grew up without it. I didn't experience air conditioning until I moved to the East Coast, and that is very—except in department stores and in movie theaters. Those are the exceptions. But within the home, it was a strange experience, and I think, well, at this point, I can't live without it, kind of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2061.0,2089.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Yeah. That's how I feel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2089.0,2091.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2091.0,2094.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I don't know what else to say. It's a lot easier with air conditioning than without, but this is not academic research. This is common sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2094.0,2108.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Right, right, right. Yeah. This is increasingly becoming common sense, and that's a big part of the project is to try to understand that shift. It's slow. It's in some ways not notable, but it is significant, and it changed the way that we live and move about our urban environments. It's changed our experiences with the broader ecology of global warming. Even down at the household level, it's increased costs, so people who are low income have to pay more for cooling their homes, and there are subtle shifts I think are important to note, and—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2108.0,2147.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: It certainly had an effect on business and commerce. It's obviously easier to shop in the store or work in an office or a factory where there's air conditioning, than where there's not air conditioning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2147.0,2159.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah, that's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2159.0,2161.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: You get more done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2161.0,2163.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2163.0,2164.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Both from the employer's point of view and from the worker's point of view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2164.0,2167.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah, that's right. That's right. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2167.0,2171.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I'm thinking of another story that's only tangentially related to this about the stereotypes about New York. How out of towners think of the city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2171.0,2188.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: As I mentioned last week, I've had, I guess essentially, I don't want to call them, careers, but I've done—I've made my living two different ways. Ask what I do for a living. I'll tell you I'm in the marketing communications business. I've done that in the context of the insurance industry, the music industry and at a small advertising agency. And then as I again mentioned last week, about 25 years ago, I had reached a point in my life at which I could spend my time the way I wanted to spend it, and I became a tour director. I took people on trips all over the northeast of the United States and other parts of North America as well. A lot of my time was spent on buses in Manhattan and getting to Manhattan. I remember one time we were riding through the Chelsea neighborhood on the west side, and there was a sign in front of a building. It was some kind of a medical facility, called the Chelsea Clinton Clinic or something like that. And somebody said, “Chelsea Clinton, she's the daughter of the president, and they named the hospital after her?” I had to explain that Chelsea and Clinton are two separate neighborhoods that happen to adjoin one another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2188.0,2273.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Oh, that's funny.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2273.0,2277.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: And looking to the right across the Hudson River, you could see the spot where the first of two vice presidents to shoot somebody, shot somebody. Where Al Hamilton was shot by Aaron Burr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2277.0,2297.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Oh, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2297.0,2297.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: In 1804. That came long before Dick Cheney shot somebody in a hunting group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2297.0,2304.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: I was wondering who the second was, and then there it is. Oh, funny. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2304.0,2312.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: You never know. There are always things to talk about when you're in the City. There are a million stories. There are eight million stories in the naked city. Ask me more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2312.0,2323.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah. So how long were you giving bus tours and where in the city were you giving these bus tours?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2323.0,2330.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Well, my tour business began in the year 2000, and it came to kind of an abrupt stop when the COVID started, and people didn't want to be trapped in a metal can with 50 other people breathing on them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2330.0,2347.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: So that's kind of the history of my travel business, my tour business. But most of the trips that I took were in the northeastern corner of the United States from Maine to the mid-Atlantic region. Places like Boston, Hartford, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Gettysburg, Williamsburg. I have met groups in cities like Denver and Chicago and Cleveland, Buffalo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2347.0,2387.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: But in New York, we did things that out of towners would be expected to want to do. I would talk a lot about history as we'd just be riding through the streets. Like in Harlem, for example, the brownstone houses. By the way, about half of the tours I conducted were for adults, the other half were for kids. Some very good friends of mine I met because they were teachers whose kids I was taking on trips. And when we’d go through Harlem as an example, I would talk about how the brownstone for the houses came from Connecticut. A lot of that material came from a quarry in Portland, Connecticut of all places, which is on the Connecticut River about halfway between New Haven and Hartford. And they would float the stone down the river into the Long Island Sound and down to Manhattan. A good part of Harlem was built with stone that came from Connecticut. So I would tell them stories like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2387.0,2466.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Totally unrelated. In Midtown, there are at least three places that are named for figures in the history of American journalism. You want to take a guess at what they are, or do you know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2466.0,2495.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: I can't guess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2495.0,2497.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Times Square is Times Square. Okay. The New York Times located there in 1904. A couple of blocks south is 34th Street, Herald Square, and a few blocks beyond that is Greeley Square. Horace Greeley was the editor of The Tribune. So the city has seen fit to memorialize its journalism history by naming at least three streets after journalists and papers. And that continues in the media. Rockefeller Center is sometimes referred to as Radio City.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2497.0,2542.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Oh, yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2542.0,2543.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: And it does in fact have the NBC radio and television studios there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2543.0,2547.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah, that's right. Interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2547.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I'm not working with a script, so I'm free associating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2550.0,2554.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: No, no, that's great. It's great. I'm wondering, do any of your tours, or maybe, just, have you been back to some of the Queens neighborhoods that you lived in and spent some time in?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2554.0,2565.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: No—I can't remember the last time I was. It's got to be ten years or more, because when I would come into the city by bus, we would instead enter through the Bronx. So it's been quite a while since then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2565.0,2581.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Oh, no, no. This is kind of an interesting story. I did a trip once, it's got to be ten or more years ago. I was with my client from the tour company, and she drove from her home in Maine and picked me up in West Hartford. We went to LaGuardia Airport to meet a group, and we did ride through Flushing, which is known as an Asian community. When I lived there, it wasn't, but now it's all Asian. And I did remember seeing some things that I remembered from the old days, but it's been quite a while. I haven't taken the Jewel Avenue bus to get to junior high school since I was in junior high school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2581.0,2645.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Right, right. Well, yeah, just to place those on a map. What schools did you go to when you were still a Queens resident?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2645.0,2656.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Well, again, I'm referring to last week's conversation. I moved when I was in the sixth grade, the family moved, and it turned out that my sixth grade school teacher, when he found out where we were going, said, “I live a block or two away from that.” He lived in the Pomonok houses, and he offered to drive me to school and take me home every night, which as I think I said last week, is probably illegal today. But in those days, we did it. And so I finished out the elementary school year in Brooklyn, and then I went to what was then called junior high school in Forest Hills, Halsey Junior High School. It was on Yellowstone Boulevard. I forgot what street, what avenue was nearby, but I used to take two buses. I had to go on the Jewel Avenue bus that went to Forest Hills, and then transfer on 108th Street to the Triborough Bus Company on a brown bus that went up and down 108th Street into—I think it wound up in Corona someplace. I don't know. So I went to junior high school in Forest Hills, and then I went to college.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2656.0,2741.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Oh, Jamaica High School. I forgot about that. How could I forget? Ah, dear old Jamaica High School, which no longer exists. I have done some research about that over the years. As I understand it, the building is still in use, but it's shared by three or four smaller academies for reasons that I don't really understand, because I'm not in the education business. But the building is at 168th Street and Gothic Drive in Jamaica. And what's kind of interesting to me, an accident of history, is that if his parents had not sent him to a private school, Donald Trump would've gone to Jamaica High School. He lived within walking distance of Jamaica High School.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2741.0,2789.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Oh, really? Wow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2789.0,2793.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: That's where I went to high school. The institution of Jamaica High School actually goes back, I think to the 1850s. They had a building on Hillside Avenue, and then in 1926 or 27, the current building was erected. And there were a couple of notable alumni other than me from Jamaica High School, one of whom went to jail because of his involvement in the Watergate scandal. He happened to have been the Attorney General of the United States. John Mitchell. He was a Jamaica High School graduate a long time ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2793.0,2843.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Maybe you don't remember him, but there was a political humorist newspaper columnist by the name of Art Buchwald. He went to Jamaica High School. There probably were some other notable alumni, but those two, I remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2843.0,2859.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Jamaica, it was like going to work every day. It wasn't necessarily fun. I trudged up the hill and then at the end of the day, went back to the bus and went home. There was a park just outside the school. The kids referred to it as Goose Pond Park. I don't think I've ever seen a goose in that park, but it's actually called Captain Tilly Park, named for a military hero from the Spanish American War. But who knows that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2859.0,2902.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Incidentally, the name of the Jamaica neighborhood has nothing to do with the Caribbean island, but a tribe of Native Americans that was known by a word that must have sounded or looked like Jamaica, Jameco or something like that to Dutch or British Settlers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2902.0,2931.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Interesting. Yeah, I've certainly come across that, but I think people who are not from Queens or even from New York might mistake that association.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2931.0,2941.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2941.0,2942.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2942.0,2943.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Rufus King, revolutionary war politician, his house is still there. I think it's at 150th Street and Jamaica Avenue. The Cuomo family, the politicians, came from Jamaica, but the high school itself was a big building with a lot of kids. I think my graduating class had close to a thousand people in it. It was like a factory, an education factory. I don't know what else to say about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2943.0,2979.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah, right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2979.0,2981.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: There were good times and bad times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2981.0,2983.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: There you go. That sums it up. Yep. Well, we've been speaking together for about 50 minutes now, Bernie, and if there's anything else that you might want to add—I think we've covered some bases. Stretching from your childhood to your schooling experiences to some of your professional and career work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=2983.0,3012.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I'm thinking of things that I've seen and heard in the City over the years. Ellis Island, I have taken a lot of people to Ellis Island. There are all kinds of legends and stories about how the names of immigrants were changed by the immigration officials who couldn't pronounce the foreign names. The principal department store in Boston for a long time until it merged with the company that owns Macy's—this was a number of years ago—but the main department store in downtown Boston was Filene's, F-I-L-E-N-E. And there's a tale that may or may not be true, that when the original immigrant from that family arrived at Ellis Island, he said the name was Katz, K-A-T-Z. Like Katz's delicatessen. And the immigration clerk said Katz as in feline. And he wrote down and misspelled Feline. And so in America, Katz became the misidentified and mispronounced Filene.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3012.0,3092.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Oh, funny.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3092.0,3093.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: There are other stories like that. They're all over the place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3093.0,3096.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: That's interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3096.0,3098.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: The building from which the Ellis Island ferry goes, Castle Clinton, used to be called Castle Garden. It no longer has a roof. It used to have a roof and at one time was a theater. The mid 19th century performer, Jenny Lind—the Swedish Nightingale—performed in Castle Garden. There were circuses and all kinds of entertainment in Castle Garden. Now it's called Castle Clinton. Why is it called Castle? It has big, I was going to call them windows. They're not windows. They're big ports with iron bars, because originally the building was a fort. The idea was to protect the harbor from invading navies. So there’s Castle Clinton on one side, on Manhattan Island, and Governor's Island has a fort on the other side of the harbor. And what was Bedloe's Island, which is now Liberty Island. If you look at the base of the Statue of Liberty, you'll see a star shaped building or a figure that was a fort also. So there are three forts at the entrance to the harbor. Did you know that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3098.0,3174.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: No, I didn't realize all that. I've heard bits and pieces, but not—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3174.0,3177.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: So look at the base of the statue, and you'll see the star shaped building on what used to be Bedloe's Island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3177.0,3184.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Wow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3184.0,3185.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Protection from an invasion that never came. The invasion that did come, it came in 1664 when Governor Stuyvesant wanted to fight, but the businessmen said no, business is okay, let the British come in. And so they did, and changed the name of the city from New Amsterdam to New York.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3185.0,3202.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Oh, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3202.0,3204.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Which raises another totally irrelevant story. How did the boroughs get their names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3204.0,3211.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: I don't know. It'd have to be a wild guess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3211.0,3215.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: All right. The Bronx, I think, is the cutest story. When the town was a Dutch community, even then there were people who wanted to move to the suburbs, even in the 1600s. And a family named Bronck moved up to what is now the Bronx. And people would talk about going up to see the Broncks, to visit the Bronx. Brooklyn is the name of a town in Holland. It's not spelled the same way and may not be pronounced the same way. But look on the map of the Netherlands, you'll see there's a Brooklyn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3215.0,3251.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3251.0,3253.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Manhattan, as I understand it, is from a Native American word that looked or sounded like Manhattan, like Manahatta or something like that, that referred either to the fact that there were hills on it or that there was a tidal river. The Hudson River is a tidal river. I'm not sure which geologic figure applies here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3253.0,3278.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3278.0,3280.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Queens was named for a person, but they didn't use the name of the person. The whole city is called New York in honor of King Charles II's brother, James, who happened to be the Duke of York, and his wife was Catherine. I forgot her town. I have to look it up. But they called it Queens because it was the king's wife, and Kings County, I guess, had a similar derivation. Staten Island—there's a joke about how Staten Island got its name. And the joke is that when Henry Hudson was sailing into the Narrows, he called the navigator up to the bridge, and he said, “Look, I see on the right is Brooklyn, but on the left, istat the mainland or istat an island?” And ever since then, we've called it Staten Island. Actually, it has to do with, again, 17th century Holland, where the legislature was called the States General. And so they called the island in honor of that entity of the state, Staten Island. It's bothering me not to remember Catherine's last geography-related name. It's escaped me. Well. [editor’s note - Catherine of Braganza]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3280.0,3368.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah, we can look it up and add it in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3368.0,3373.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Go ahead. Talk to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3373.0,3375.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: No, I was just going to say—I was wondering, thinking about deep history and generations, I was wondering if you could also give us a little sense of what your parents did for work, as well as perhaps any churches or religious institutions that you remember growing up in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3375.0,3395.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: My family was not particularly religious. We are Jewish. I used to go to services when I was a kid. I had a bar mitzvah, but my connection with religion is more cultural than theological. What else can I say?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3395.0,3418.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: No. Yeah, fair. Fair.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3418.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I've been in some of the important religious buildings you can visit in New York and not go to St. Patrick's or Temple Emanuel, but they're tourist attractions as well as houses of worship. But the City, it is trite to say this. I mean, it's been written thousands of times. It is a melting pot. There are people from all over the world, and there always have been people from all over the world and every culture. And somehow by and large, they get along, they manage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3420.0,3458.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah. Yeah. It's a very human, beautiful thing when it works. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3458.0,3464.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Somehow they do it. Oh, let me tell you another story. I worked, I said before, in the financial district on John Street, a couple of blocks from—I'm not sure if it's still that—the South Street Seaport which was built on the bones of what had been the Fulton Fish Market. The fish market moved to the Bronx years and years ago. And then they put in the South Street Seaport Museum, and they had a shopping center, which I think is defunct now, I'm not sure. But along Fulton Street, there's a row of shops. And I remember back in the 1960s when I was working in that area–1964, 65–at lunchtime, sometimes we'd go to the fish market and buy something to eat. There were restaurants there, of course. And there was also a store on Fulton Street called the Eagle Bag and Burlap Company.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3464.0,3530.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Except it was a gift shop. It was not a bag and burlap company. And I remember going in there and asking the owner one time, “Why is it called the Eagle Bag and Burlap Company?” And he said, “Well, my father or my grandfather opened this business in 1845 or 1850 or something like that. And he was in the bag and burlap business. But gradually over the years, the sailors would come in from the ships and to raise money, they would sell things that they had carved or picked up overseas, artworks. And eventually the business shifted from bags and burlap to selling these souvenirs to the tourists. But they never changed the name of the company, Eagle Bag and Burlap Company.” I don't know if it's still there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3530.0,3579.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Interesting. I don't know either. It's fascinating. And so I don't think we put it on the record, but you were working down in the Wall Street area at that point?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3579.0,3588.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Well, I worked at 80 John Street, which is now an apartment building directly across the street from the site of what has come to be known as the Battle of Golden Hill in 1770. And I know Kara [Schlichting] knows this story because she told me she knew it. But in 1770, in the runup to the American Revolution, the people, we say the good guys, the colonists, the rebels, the patriots (depending on whose side you're on in a case like this, they're either patriots or they're terrorists) did not enjoy paying the Stamp Act tax. They didn't enjoy the other restrictions that the British government had imposed. And one thing led to another, and we eventually had a revolution. But a couple of months before the Boston Massacre, which was in December of 1770, a couple of months before that in lower Manhattan, these agitators had put up liberty polls like flagpoles, but just a symbol of the fact that they objected to British policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3588.0,3679.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: And as soon as they put one of these poles up, the British soldiers would chop it down. And the British occupiers also propagandized by hanging handbills on walls and fences promoting their point of view about why things are just fine under British rule. Well, some of the patriots caught some of the British soldiers hanging handbills up on, I guess it's now Maiden Lane. It's a block or two from John Street. It's the next block south. And they harassed these soldiers and drove them up to John and Gold Street, like a block or two, and violence broke out, and other soldiers came to rescue their colleagues. And there was a scuffle. And as far as I know, nobody was killed, but people were stabbed. And it goes down in history as the Battle of Golden Hill, primarily because it was violent, and it was followed, as I said, a few months later by the Boston Massacre.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3679.0,3774.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Cool. Great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3774.0,3778.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: I took a bus group once to the Federal Reserve Building, which looks like a fortress. They have or had a museum where they had literally some of the gold supply, and you could see these gold bars sitting there as a tourist attraction. I don't know if they still do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3778.0,3803.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: And you can still see, if you look carefully enough, the remnants of a terrorist incident that long preceded the 2001 tragedy of the World Trade Center. How many people remember that in 1920, a block or two away from that, right across the street from Federal Hall where George Washington was sworn in as President, a terrorist bomb went off. There are still marks on the building. It was Morgan's bank building, JP Morgan's bank building, and you can still see scratches on the exterior of the building. Somebody had put a bomb in a horse-drawn wagon, and it went off at lunchtime and killed some people. Nobody knows who did it. The suspicion at the time was that it was an anarchist. In those days, the enemy was anarchists. Then they became communists. Now they have become other people. There's always somebody not to like. So there has been violence in the financial district long before 2001. What else can I say?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3803.0,3875.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: Yeah, yeah. No, that's fascinating. Yeah. Well, I think I'd love to hear these stories. Any others you want to offer, we can certainly do that. Or what we can do is kind of wrap it here and then we could even circle back for a second conversation if something comes to mind?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3875.0,3897.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: Let's drop it here. Unless you or I think of something else that needs to be discussed. And I'm going to go out and walk my dog.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3897.0,3905.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: That sounds great. All right. Thanks so much, Bernie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3905.0,3909.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERNIE WEISS: So what is the next step? Do I get a recording of this or a transcript or something like that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3909.0,3915.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745/transcript/94604/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DANIEL CUMMING: You do. Let me pause it here.\r\n\r\nTRANSCRIPTION END","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/173630/file/312745#t=3915.0,3917.72"}]}]}]}