{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/kp7tm72z12/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Helen Cairns Oral History"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/010/original/Aviary_QPLlogo_192x192.png?1578574261","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary of Full Interview\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Helen Smith Cairns is Professor Emerita in the Linguistics and Communication Disorders Department at Queens College. After earning her Ph.D. in psycholinguistics from the University of Texas, she and her husband, Dr. Charles (Chuck) Cairns, accepted teaching positions at Queens in 1971. Over the next 33 years, she was elected department chair three times, served as the dean of graduate studies and research (1980-1989), directed 21 doctoral dissertations, and maintained robust research and publication efforts. She and Chuck retired together in 2004 and now live in the northern Adirondacks in a small town near Lake Placid, NY.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Cairns looks back at her career at Queens, including the campus environment of the 1970s; the reorganization of her department into the departments of Media Studies and Linguistics and Communication Disorders in 1997; and the pioneering research she conducted over many years with the Bayside Nursery School. She recalls with special fondness the many students she worked with individually, especially the doctoral students whom she describes as “some of my best friends.” \u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["1960s-2021 (temporal)","University of Texas at Austin, Tx; Queens College, Flushing, Queens, NY (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2021-03-18 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Helen Cairns (Interviewee)","Rebecca Rushfield (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCC BY-NC-SA Contact digitalarchives@queenslibrary.org for research and reproduction requests.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary of Full Interview\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Helen Smith Cairns is Professor Emerita in the Linguistics and Communication Disorders Department at Queens College. After earning her Ph.D. in psycholinguistics from the University of Texas, she and her husband, Dr. Charles (Chuck) Cairns, accepted teaching positions at Queens in 1971. Over the next 33 years, she was elected department chair three times, served as the dean of graduate studies and research (1980-1989), directed 21 doctoral dissertations, and maintained robust research and publication efforts. She and Chuck retired together in 2004 and now live in the northern Adirondacks in a small town near Lake Placid, NY.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Cairns looks back at her career at Queens, including the campus environment of the 1970s; the reorganization of her department into the departments of Media Studies and Linguistics and Communication Disorders in 1997; and the pioneering research she conducted over many years with the Bayside Nursery School. She recalls with special fondness the many students she worked with individually, especially the doctoral students whom she describes as \u0026ldquo;some of my best friends.\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCC BY-NC-SA Contact digitalarchives@queenslibrary.org for research and reproduction requests.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Queens Public Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Queens Public Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/010/original/Aviary_QPLlogo_192x192.png?1578574261","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/155/547/small/Screenshot_%28111%29.png?1649087417","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - HelenCairnsInterview_Trimmed.mp4"]},"duration":3548.8333,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/155/547/small/Screenshot_%28111%29.png?1649087417","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-queenslibrary.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/155/547/original/HelenCairnsInterview_Trimmed.mp4?1649087253","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3548.8333,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Full Transcript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Hi.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2.0,3.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Hi Rebecca.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3.0,5.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Hi, how are you? OK. I guess I should start...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=5.0,11.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : You're a Queens College alumna?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=11.0,14.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Yes. Yes. I was in the art history department.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=14.0,18.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Oh, great. It was a great department.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=18.0,21.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Yes, it was, it was. Let me officially say the date and the time and our names for the record, and then we can talk. OK, today. Today Is Thursday, March 18th, 2021. It is now 3 pm. I am Rebecca Rushfield, and I'm interviewing Dr. Helen Smith Cairns for the Queens Memory Project. OK. Nice to meet you. I guess, before we talk about your life in Queens, we can talk a little bit about your life before Queens. I, I know you, you were born and grew up and went to school in Texas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=21.0,68.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yes. I got all my degrees from the University of Texas and I never paid a dime in tuition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=68.0,75.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Oh, wow. That was, you had a scholarship? Or that was the way it was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=75.0,82.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : No. It was just tuition-free for residents of Texas. And that was, um, I got my Ph.D. in 1970 from UT. I don't know when after that they instituted tuition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=82.0,98.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: OK. And this was UT Austin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=98.0,101.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : UT Austin. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=101.0,104.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Um, now, from what I gather, UT Austin is a very, I wouldn't say liberal, but it's an exciting school where I guess lots is going on with newer thoughts and departments. Was it that way back then? Or was it a more conservative... school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=104.0,127.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yeah, yeah. No, it was always, uh, a liberal island. Austin was always a liberal island in Texas. A progressive island in Texas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=127.0,137.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right. What made you decide to study linguistics and speech?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=137.0,146.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Well, I didn't study linguistics. I didn't study speech. I studied what is called psycholinguistics, which is a combination of cognitive psychology and linguistics. And what happened was, I was going to the University of Texas. Um, and I was planning to get my Ph.D. in, uh, social and personality psychology. Then I took a course with a man named David Hakes, who told me about the very new field of psycholinguistics. And I was hooked. When he told me, when he told me I had not taught my children to talk, I was a psycholinguist from that moment on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=146.0,200.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: OK. Um, so you got married and had children somewhere along your Ph.D. path?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=200.0,211.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Well, I had gotten married and had children earlier, um, before I ever went to UT. And, and then, uh, in Austin, uh, I met Chuck and we got married and had one child. There in Austin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=211.0,237.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: OK. So was it very difficult...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=237.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : So I have three children. Two from a previous marriage, one from Chuck. And eight grandchildren.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=242.0,252.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Oh, wow. Wow. But was it very difficult doing a Ph.D. with three children?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=252.0,258.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : It was very difficult, especially since I had the third one while I was in the Ph.D. program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=258.0,266.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Did the department have any, I wouldn't say accommodations, but was there childcare? Was there something around at the school or the department? Was it family-friendly?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=266.0,283.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : No. They, they couldn't care whether I had children. The only time they cared was when I was hugely pregnant, um, with my third child and they, and I remember, um, professors saying to me, just please don't have that baby in my classroom. [Laughs]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=283.0,308.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Did you time it to give birth during a break?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=308.0,311.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Uh, I didn't time it at all. Uh, it did happen during, uh, during a January break though, so... And my mother, bless her, lived in Austin, so she was enormously -- I mean, she took care of, um, of the baby and the kids. And having her around just -- it made it possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=311.0,342.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right, right. Um, so after you got your Ph.D....your husband got his Ph.D. Before you? Around the same time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=342.0,352.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : A little bit before at Columbia. In linguistics. And his...actually the University of Texas was his first teaching position.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=352.0,363.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Ah, I see. So, would you, did you and your family want to stay in Texas or you were looking to go off to another place?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=363.0,375.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Well, Chuck had always lived in New York. Uh, so...and I had never been out of Texas and I was eager to get out of Texas, so we were really, really happy to get jobs at Queens College, both of us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=375.0,398.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Now, at that point, did the department at Queens College, was it a growing department? It was a very established department?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=398.0,412.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : It was established. It's been an interesting department. It started off before I was there as an old-fashioned Speech Department. They renamed it Communication Arts and Sciences at some point. And it had everything. It had rhetoric. It had public speaking. It had children's theater. It had media. Uh, it had speech and hearing. Uh, it had -- like an old-fashioned speech department that you have probably never heard of. Um, it had all kinds of different, um, tracks. Academic tracks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=412.0,464.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: So at what point did it sort of split up and children's theater went someplace else and rhetoric and things went someplace else?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=464.0,474.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Well, gradually rhetoric and children's theater and public speaking went away because of retirements and short enrollments and so on. So, it was left with, as a department that was just media. All media studies, and also media production. We had a really good TV production program. Um, so we were sort of left with media and speech and hearing. And hearing undergraduate was very, very popular because everyone wanted to get into the speech language pathology master's program, which was, which was very, very small. Um, but they went to different master's programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=474.0,544.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right. I heard from people who went to other master's programs in speech that Queens was the best and the hardest to get into.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=544.0,554.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Well, it was the hardest to get into. The, the, it was said to be the best, yes. It had a different, a different, um, teaching model than other -- clinical teaching model -- than other colleges had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=554.0,573.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Can you elaborate a bit on that? How it differed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=573.0,577.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : The master's program? Well, uh, clinical training was one-to-one. Uh, each faculty member, each student and there -- and we admitted, I think, 15 students a year -- each student had one faculty mentor that supervised them, uh, or may... Anyway, every time they worked with a client, there was a faculty mentor with them. Other programs had, would have maybe four students to one supervisor. So, you know, on the one hand, the Queens model was, and as far as I know still is, uh, this one-to-one model. Um, some students say that in the more, in the other model where there are more students per faculty member, they feel more independent when they're a student. I don't know. I'm not, um, I'm, I'm not a speech language pathologist. I taught a lot of the students, um, but I didn't participate in any clinical training. So I don't really have an opinion about that. Maybe some other people you interview would have more information than opinion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=577.0,682.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right. So most of the students coming through wanted to do clinical work rather than research?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=682.0,688.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yes. A few of our students went on to the doctoral program in speech and hearing sciences. Um, Lori's [Lori Wallach's] niece, my friend, I mean...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=688.0,704.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Aunt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=704.0,707.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Aunt. Yeah, I got the generations mixed up! Ann Jablon, who was a student of mine at Queens, uh, went on to the, to the doctoral program and I worked with her there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=707.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right. Did you encourage students to go on, or only the best and the brightest would you encourage to go on for research and doctorates?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=723.0,731.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Best and -- the ones who wanted to do research. There is absolutely no reason to get a Ph.D., uh, unless you're going to do research. It's a research degree. I know, I remember one of my first Ph.D. students wanted to get a Ph.D. in order to enhance his, um, his clinical work. He wanted to say that he had a Ph.D. And it's really pointless, uh, to, to get a Ph.D., unless you want to commit yourself to research in the field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=731.0,777.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right. You mentioned one of your students too, with a \"he.\" Right now, it seems to me, at least to the people I know, that speech, language field is heavily female. Was it that way back then? Or...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=777.0,793.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yes. At the undergraduate level. Um, I had a number of male doctoral students, but probably mainly in linguistics. Uh, and some in speech and hearing. CUNY has an interesting, um, system that you probably know about it. They have all of the doctoral programs are academically housed at the Graduate Center in midtown Manhattan. And then some faculty are central faculty located there, but most of the doctoral work is done by faculty from the four-year colleges. Um, and that was my situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=793.0,861.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: So, you taught both undergraduate and graduate and doctoral students, or....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=861.0,868.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yes. Yes. Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=868.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: And if, can I ask? It's silly to ask where did you get your greatest satisfaction, but what were the satisfactions of teaching each group of students?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=870.0,882.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Well, it's interesting because my absolutely favorite class...uh, I had two favorite classes, undergrad at Queens. One, \"Introduction to Psycholinguistics,\" um, where we presented the basic concepts of psycholinguistics. And I absolutely loved it. Um, my other favorite class at Queens was \"Language Acquisition,\" which is my personal specialty. And I love teaching that. In fact. when I started...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=882.0,925.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: OK. So those were courses...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=925.0,926.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yeah, go ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=926.0,928.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: No, I was going to say, those were courses that all majors had to take?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=928.0,933.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : They were, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=933.0,937.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: You had everyone. So you saw the broad spectrum of majors come through your classes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=937.0,942.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : I had a captive audience, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=942.0,948.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: And in the master's and doctoral programs, do you specialize?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=948.0,954.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : I never taught much in the master's program because I'm not a clinician, and all, most of their courses are oriented toward clinical practice. I did teach, I taught a psycholinguistics course in the master's program for several years, but that was all. So...in terms of where I got my major satisfaction, um, I can't answer that question because both, both were so satisfying. I mean, I loved working with doctoral students and, you know, doing research with them. And some of my best friends now are people I met who were my graduate students like Ann Jablon. Um...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=954.0,1014.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: How big is the department at the Graduate Center?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1014.0,1018.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : I can't tell you in numbers, but it's grown a lot. Um, I, I would be guessing if I told you how many people there are. It's one of the larger programs, I think. Speech and hearing at the Graduate Center. But the wonderful thing about teaching undergraduates is that many of those students were the first people in their families who had ever gone to college. And that was absolutely wonderful to see them bloom intellectually and, um, have families that were so proud of them. I just really, I just really love the undergraduates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1018.0,1083.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: At the time that you came to Queens College, was there still free tuition or it was about to change?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1083.0,1090.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : It -- there was still free tuition until the mid-70s, when there was a major, horrible budget crisis. Um, and they took over part of our funding, maybe all of our funding and instituted tuition. So first I'd gone from the University of Texas with no tuition to City University with no -- and then that happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1090.0,1127.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Did that affect the department and the student body and...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1127.0,1133.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Well, the financial crisis...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1133.0,1135.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Were there cutbacks in faculty?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1135.0,1136.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : There were huge cutbacks. Untenured people lost their jobs. Um, but there was a reorganization or reorganizations in the college. It was a huge, terrible period, uh, for the college and the department. Um, yeah, it was bad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1136.0,1163.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: And I guess...did it affect your job personally? What you were able to do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1163.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1170.0,1171.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Or your job was...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1171.0,1172.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1172.0,1173.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: That's good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1173.0,1175.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : I had tenure and I taught the same courses. Um, I -- I mean, I lost colleagues, uh, and that was very traumatic, but personally I was OK. [Laughs] A few more grey hairs!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1175.0,1206.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right. But in terms of, let's say your research, you were still finding funding for that, or...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1206.0,1215.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yes, I was still getting grants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1215.0,1222.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Can you talk a little bit about your research and the work you do and who funds it and what it's...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1222.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Well, I studied the development of grammars, uh, in children around the age of four. And I, I had funding -- internal funding from a CUNY program. Uh, I had an NIH grant at one point. I had an NSF grant at one point. Um, and I discovered a...now I'm trying, I don't know how I got connected with these people. There was a nursery school in, um, in Queens. Bayside Nursery School. Up to um... but they had four year olds. They were preschool only. And the woman there who, who ran the school, her name was Lenore Rappaport. She was a Queens College alumna. And, uh, she was very interested and respectful of research. And she, I did research at Bayside Nursery School for a very, very long time. She supported it. She would... sometimes it's very difficult to get research subjects if they're children and she would send flyers out to all the families and say, \"Oh, come participate in this wonderful research program that we're doing here.\" And she would give me space to work. And it was, it was quite wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1230.0,1353.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: So you were working with typically developing children?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1353.0,1357.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yes. Only. I never, I never worked with language disorder in children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1357.0,1368.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: So...did any of those children from the nursery school end up coming to Queens and being your students?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1368.0,1376.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : [Laughs] You know, that's a wonderful question! Um, I don't -- not that I know of. I hope they came to Queens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1376.0,1390.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right. I'm wondering like for children, if they, if they're in a research project when they're young and they see this, does it somehow in the back of their minds say, \"Oh, this is something interesting\"? Or it's just normal and they don't think about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1390.0,1406.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : I think the latter. I don't think any of them really felt like they were in a research project.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1406.0,1415.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: They were just playing or talking with each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1415.0,1419.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : We would get together and talk. About sentences. I mean, they'd really get into it. They would be very eager, uh, to answer things. We, we had them making judgements about sentences. About what pronouns referred to and what sentences were grammatical and ungrammatical from their point of view. I don't, I don't mean, you know, from the English point of view -- the child's point of view -- so we could assess the development of their grammar. Uh, I worked with a lot of other people. I worked with a wonderful woman named Dana McDaniel, who was in the linguistics doctoral program at that time. And, uh, is, uh, chair of the department at the University of Southern Maine in linguistics. And, um, so I had a lot of really wonderful collaborators and interesting children, but whether any of them went on to be psycholinguists, I do not know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1419.0,1497.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: OK. While you were at the college, you, you, from what I gather, you were department chair, you were involved in other kinds of administrative work. Was that expected of all professors, or that was something that you were either very good at, so they asked you, or you gravitated to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1497.0,1520.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Well, department chairs are elected. In fact, the thing I'd like to say about Queens, um -- and I'm assuming it's still the same. I have been retired since 2003. So, we're talking, you know, I lost touch some 20 years ago -- but the wonderful thing about Queens was how democratic it was. The department -- in, in many colleges and universities, department chairs -- actually they're usually called heads -- uh, are appointed by the, by the higher administration. And they really are part of a high, higher administration. Um, Queens doesn't have that. Department chairs were elected. The chair was part of the faculty, not part of the administration. And it made a tremendous difference in the way people felt about their department, their job, their lives. Um, they also, also the department chairs played a major role in hiring, in, um, promotions and tenure decisions. We had what was then a committee of six. Two people from each division. Arts, sciences, uh, humanities and sciences. And then we got, um, finally another representative from education, so it was a committee of seven. In any rate, that group reviewed tenure and promotion papers and recommended it. Those, made those recommendations to the, the, all the group of all chairs. Then the recommendation to the Dean and President and Provost. And the higher administration, always almost without exception, uh, approved those recommendations. So you just can't imagine how important that is for the faculty to elect its chairs and then have its chairs participate in personnel decisions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1520.0,1718.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Yes, yes. For how long was the term of chair?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1718.0,1721.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Three years. I did it twice. First I was chair, then I was a dean for almost 10 years. Then I was chair again. Then we had, um, a very important event in the life of the department. I told you that the communication arts and sciences department -- people called it \"CAS,\" C- A -S, right? Um, I told you, it had a whole bunch of different tracks, but gradually they melted away. And we had a big media studies track. So... [hears noise in the background] Is, is that a dog?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1721.0,1785.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: No, no, it's the background. I'm sorry. Outside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1785.0,1790.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : I was hoping it was a dog! [Laughs]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1790.0,1793.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: No, no. It's just outside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1793.0,1795.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : So often you hear, um, news programs and stuff since they aren't, since they --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1795.0,1802.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right, right. The animals are there!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1802.0,1805.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : And you hear dogs and it's wonderful. Anyway, um, we had dwindled down until we had a big media studies program and a, uh, a smaller but large speech and hearing program. And what happened was in 19, I believe it was 97, the department split and the media program became a separate department of media studies, which I think it still...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1805.0,1848.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right. Was this an amicable split? It was something that everyone wanted?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1848.0,1856.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Um, OK...the speech and hearing part joined with linguistics. And the media studies part went off by itself. I think different, there were lots of, as in anything, there were lots of different opinions. Um, some people were very happy. Um, I was, um, uh, because I'm a psycholinguist. [Laughs] Part of my head is, uh, is linguistics. So, um, I...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1856.0,1903.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: So it came from within the department rather than from above?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1903.0,1908.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Well, no. We had a president named Allen Sessoms and a budget crisis once again. And the president wanted us to split and in the way that I just described. So the president actually initiated it, which is never a good thing. Um, but everyone adapted and ended up quite happy, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1908.0,1946.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right. How did that save money having two departments?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1946.0,1951.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : You'll have to ask Allen Sessoms. [Laughs] You know what I think? A lot of times -- and this isn't just Queens College, it's from colleagues in other colleges -- I think often during budget crisis, crises -- uh, I mean, sometimes it's really horrible and people lose their jobs. But sometimes I think administrations do it, um, to make it appear that they're doing something. And you can't really figure out what was saved. You know, where the money was saved. But anyway that happened in '97 and I, and the new department was called Linguistics and Communication Disorders. Um, and I was chair of it then for two terms until I retired in 2003. And it was very pleasant. Everyone got along. It was, it was a nice time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=1951.0,2032.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Now, you and your husband teach, have always taught in the same department?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2032.0,2038.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : What? No. He was always in Linguistics and I was in Communication Arts and Sciences. And then, when the split came, and Linguistics and Speech and Hearing joined, I was part of Speech and Hearing. So I, um, then we were in the same department.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2038.0,2059.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: OK. So was that, did that have -- were there any issues or, because there was a couple in the same department?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2059.0,2069.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : No. There was, I think, I think before we came to Queens -- we came in '71 -- I think some point before that there had been a rule against married couples being in the same department. But it was no longer a rule. And actually during that time when we were -- after the split and I was chair of the Linguistics and Communication Department, um, I mean Communication Disorders Department -- um, he was Executive Officer of Linguistics at the Graduate Center. So we didn't actually spend much time...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2069.0,2121.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: [Her telephone rings.] One second. I have to tell someone to stop calling me. [Deals with the call] I'm sorry. He's called four times since we started, so...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2121.0,2139.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : [In jest] Was it someone who wanted to help you with your student loan?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2139.0,2146.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: No, no. It's actually someone I know. No. So getting back, you were saying your husband was a chairman at the Graduate Center or he was...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2146.0,2159.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yeah. At the Graduate Center they're called Executive Officers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2159.0,2166.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: So where, if I can ask, did you live in Queens when you, when you came here first or did you live somewhere else?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2166.0,2176.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : We made a terrible mistake by buying a house on Long Island in a town called New Hyde Park.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2176.0,2186.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Oh, OK. It's just across the border.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2186.0,2189.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yes, it's right at the border. Um, I say it was a mistake because the reason we did it, there had just been a huge and very ugly teachers' strike. And we were concerned about our children going to a New York City school. Which was, turned out to be, an absolutely ridiculous thing to worry about. We could have bought a house in Queens closer to the subway...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2189.0,2233.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Lower taxes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2233.0,2233.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : I don't know. Maybe so. Probably so. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2233.0,2239.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: The City real estate taxes are much lower than the Island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2239.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Is that right? All over the Island?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2245.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: I...you're right. I think New Hyde Park has lower taxes than other parts of the Island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2250.0,2256.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : You know, the Hamptons and the very expensive parts of the Island. Uh, I, all I know is taxes here [in Upstate New York] are a lot less than Long Island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2256.0,2271.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right, right. So you were talking about schooling and your children going to school. As a psycholinguist, did you worry about your children's language development? Or were you more...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2271.0,2291.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Nobody ever has to worry about their children's language development. Our, our brains are built to do it and it just happens. Uh, I, my, the primary advice I give to all parents is, do not correct your children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2291.0,2312.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: OK. Have any of them followed you and your husband in linguistics and psycholinguistics or...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2312.0,2320.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Nope. We've got a photographer, a clinical psychologist and a neonatologist and a mechanical engineer. So, nobody's close. I guess the clinical psychologist is a little closer. She's a psychologist. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2320.0,2345.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right. But they all went on for a higher, higher, higher education.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2345.0,2352.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Um, no. Um, the, the photographer and the mechanical engineer...no, no the mechanical engineer has a master's. The photographer has a bachelor's. Um, then there's an MD and a Ph.D.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2352.0,2369.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right, right. So, I'm thinking, when...was it a difficult transition for your children from Texas, where they had family, to New York, where...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2369.0,2383.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : It probably was, but they seemed to enjoy it. I mean, they made friends instantly and, um, I mean, one, one was so little, he didn't know about it. The older ones, yeah. They, they, they, they, they missed their grandparents. They missed their father, one father was still in Texas. Um, there was a lot of traveling back and forth, though.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2383.0,2428.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: OK. When you came...OK, I'm skipping around, I'm sorry. But now that we're back when you came to Queens and to New York, that was kind of a tumultuous time at the college. And at all colleges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2428.0,2443.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : It had actually...the, that tumultuous time was just calming down, uh, at Queens College. We heard about it, but we didn't participate in it. What was really interesting...this was during the anti-war movement, '71. And Chuck and I had been very active in the anti-war movement, uh, in Austin, Texas. We led marches. We, um, did a lot of organizing. Um, and we were opposed by the college administration. The college administration was very opposed to the anti-war movement and did not like its professors-- which Chuck was; they didn't care if their graduate students did -- they did not like their professors organizing anti-war demonstrations and speaking at anti-war demonstrations and various, very progressive things he did that they didn't like. Um, which is one reason we left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2443.0,2539.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right. So when you came here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2539.0,2543.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : And then when we came here...I mean, in Austin, when there was an anti-war demonstration during college hours, you know, during school time, they would actually, the administration would actually send spies around looking to see which college, which teachers were in their classes. Uh, to make sure that nobody had cut class to go to the anti-war demonstration. When we came to the City University of New York, to Queens, um, the president was a guy named Joe Murphy. And the first anti-war demonstration, he sent out a memo to all the faculty to encourage their students to go to the demonstration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2543.0,2597.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Oh, so it's different!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2597.0,2604.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : It was daylight and dark, yes. The administration was very, very supportive of the anti-war activity. Here. There. At Queens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2604.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right. Right. I guess...I'm going to skip around, but you mentioned that you retired in 2003. So, can I ask what you've been doing since then, professionally, personally, any way you want to talk about it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2610.0,2634.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Well, for...I did a lot of, um, research and writing right after I retired. Uh, published a lot with, especially with some of my students who were finishing their, and I helped students finish their Ph.Ds. Um, I published a book, Fundamentals of Psycholinguistics. And, um, the last thing I did was, for Wiley, was a handbook of psycholinguistics, that I was very proud of. But I haven't done any professional work since then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2634.0,2678.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: So these are used as basic texts in most of the classes around the country?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2678.0,2684.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Psycholinguistics was, uh, was used pretty widely actually. It was published in 2010. And it's -- the second edition did not happen. So I doubt if it's used that much anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2684.0,2707.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Is it very difficult to write a textbook and thinking about, this is something that's going to be used everywhere by everyone? And so it has to be broad and...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2707.0,2722.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yes, it's very scary to write a book when you think, when you think of all those students that are going to be highlighting your sentences. You gotta be right. There's one mistake in one sentence in Fundamentals, in our, my Fundamentals book that bothers me to this day. Yes it, it's, it's a big responsibility to write a textbook. Much more so than writing an academic paper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2722.0,2767.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Yes. Can I ask? You were asked by the publisher to write the book? Um...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2767.0,2777.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : I did, sort of, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2777.0,2780.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right. So, in terms of academic publishing -- and you don't have to answer, if you don't want to -- were you at least paid fairly?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2780.0,2792.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Oh, you're never paid fairly for academic publishing. Yeah. No, you do it as a colleague of mine used to say, you do it for love.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2792.0,2804.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: And the publisher makes their fortune when it's sold all over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2804.0,2809.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : One hopes. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2809.0,2813.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: OK. I'm trying to think of what -- you know, we've been skipping all over -- what, if there's anything you wanted to speak about, about your experiences at Queens or living in New York. Or at the college. Or changes that have happened, that you saw happen over the years? Um, I'm wondering like when tuition came in and...did it make students -- I know this is a stupid question -- did it make them more serious because there were, they were, you know, paying for their education? Or Queens was always a place with serious students?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2813.0,2852.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : I don't think it made them any more serious. It just made them poor. I would like to have free college education for everyone everywhere in the world. But certainly...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2852.0,2867.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Would you have been able to go through and get a Ph.D. If you had to have paid for it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2867.0,2876.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : (That's not a call I'm going to take.)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2876.0,2882.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: OK.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2882.0,2885.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yes. I got a Ph.D. without ever paying a penny of tuition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2885.0,2892.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: I think about people who are hundreds of thousands of dollars in debt because of, and it changes what you can do in life and....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2892.0,2900.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yes, I have a granddaughter who went to Penn. And just absolutely. Tuition is unbelievable. And even for, you know, uh, most of my kids, uh, all of my kids went to public colleges and even those tuitions...I don't, you know, I don't even know what Queens tuition is now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2900.0,2939.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: It keeps going up, I know. That much I know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2939.0,2941.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : All I know is it's going up, right. And it's gone up. I don't, I don't think, I don't think it's true that students are more serious if they pay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2941.0,2961.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: They're just more stressed about having to pay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2961.0,2964.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Right. And their parents. The Queens people, I mean, these are not wealthy people. It's a very middle-class, uh, population. So, raising tuition on them is not a good thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2964.0,2992.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: I'm trying to think. So that was a major thing, tuition. I'm trying to think of the other major changes. Did you -- you mentioned different presidents. Did each new president bring new -- I wouldn't say turmoil. Did it, it cause rearranging of things? Did each president who come in feel that he had to put his mark? I think that ...there hasn't been a woman president.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=2992.0,3022.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yes. The presidents always do that. I don't, I don't even know the president now at Queens, but I think he's very popular and does very good. I think he's a very good president.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3022.0,3035.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: But every time there's a new president, there is change just because the president has to show...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3035.0,3042.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yes. But what was interesting is, because we had this very democratic, bottom-up system that I described before, presidents would come, sometimes come in, and deans and provosts would come in, and be very surprised that the faculty had so much power. And, and also the faculty had power over the curriculum because we had, because we had the Academic Senate that all curricular items had to go through. So, it was difficult for new presidents to do, to alter things in what the faculty would consider negative ways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3042.0,3109.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: So actually one of the things I'm thinking of since you mentioned curricular...it seems that every few years there's a change in curriculum or requirements or approaches. Is that an individual, each individual college, or is that kind of coming from CUNY-wide changes in...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3109.0,3135.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : It's individual departments in individual colleges. Individual colleges, um, control their own curriculum. Now, if you want to institute a new program, it has to go through, um, I mean like a new...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3135.0,3156.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Department?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3156.0,3158.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Um, then it has to go through central administration at CUNY. But other than that, CUNY does not, is not responsible for curricula in individual departments in individual colleges. I don't think that's changed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3158.0,3186.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Did you have much contact, if any, with your colleagues in, let's say, the equivalent departments in Hunter or City or Baruch or Brooklyn? Or each college is it's...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3186.0,3198.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : No. They were very, very, very separate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3198.0,3206.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: So they could be doing something totally different in their department, in their major, in their...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3206.0,3212.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Right, exactly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3212.0,3216.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: So I guess then when people came to apply for the master's program, even if they came from a city college, they came in with a totally different background and preparation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3216.0,3229.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Well, because we, we had prerequisites, there are prerequisites that are known. And if you want, if you plan to do a master's program, say at Queens College, you know what the prerequisites are and you make sure that you get them at your undergraduate program. And it's possible to do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3229.0,3255.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Uh hum. Do you think there would be a benefit to having the different college departments have more interaction as colleagues or...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3255.0,3269.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Probably, but I don't...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3269.0,3272.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: No time, I guess. And no...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3272.0,3275.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : No. I mean, there is, um, there is an Academic Senate for the, for CUNY, um, that people participate in. But there's, you know, of course...and I, you know, I don't know about individual departments. It may be that, say, the sociology department has regular interactions with other sociology departments, but I just don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3275.0,3307.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: But your department didn't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3307.0,3311.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : No. Only with other faculty who were teaching at the Graduate Center. And then we would know colleagues, people from other colleges. It's a weird system. People have, people from other colleges have difficulty understanding how we can have...I mean, we've got the community colleges, we've got the four-year colleges, and then we've got the Graduate Center. And four-year colleges have master's programs. And then the Graduate Center has all the doctoral programs. And it, it's not like, you know, it's not like that at most colleges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3311.0,3362.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right, right. I'm trying to think. You mentioned that you do, you did some publishing and writing with students. It must be very satisfying to see your students, to be able to work with them and to see them go on. Are there any students who have -- you're very proud of is a stupid thing to say -- but who have really accomplished things that you feel you did something good for the field, for the world?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3362.0,3394.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Oh yes, many, many. Um, there's Nina Hyams at UCLA. There's Dana McDaniel and Wayne Cowart at, at, um, the University of Southern Maine. There's Ann Jablon, here, uh, who's at Marymount. There's, uh, Jennifer Hsu in New Jersey. I, I've left people out. I, I've had a lot of students and they have had a lot of success and it is absolutely wonderful. And it, my -- my, my students' accomplishments are my main pride in life. [Laughs] And my children and...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3394.0,3447.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Right. I'm thinking, unless you have something else you really want to say, that's such a great point to end on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3447.0,3456.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yes! Well, it's been lovely talking to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3456.0,3459.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: You too. And it's nice to meet you, and I'm glad we got to interview you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3459.0,3465.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: What's gonna happen, you'll get a chance, once the transcript is made, you'll have a chance to review it and make sure it's correct. And if there's anything you don't want in it, you can mark it to take out. Or if there are any, like, notes you want to put in to explain things, you'll be able to do that. So...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3465.0,3490.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Great. Good. That's good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3490.0,3492.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Very nice meeting you. Wonderful speaking with you and we'll have to now interview your husband.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3492.0,3501.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Yes indeed. That will be, that will be fun, I'm sure. His father was, uh, Queens College faculty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3501.0,3511.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Oh, wow. Were your parents, were your parents academics or not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3511.0,3516.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : No, they weren't. Not at all. Um, Chuck's parents, Chuck's father was the only academic in the bunch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3516.0,3527.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: OK. That's interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3527.0,3531.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : Your interview with him will be very interesting, I promise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3531.0,3535.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: All right. Thanks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3535.0,3538.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Smith Cairns : I'm sorry it wasn't a dog I was hearing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3538.0,3543.0"},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547/transcript/36056/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebecca Rushfield: Bye-bye.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/150/collection_resources/71884/file/155547#t=3543.0,3548.8333"}]}]}]}