{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/6q1sf2nm9x/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Judith Steel Oral History"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/010/original/Aviary_QPLlogo_192x192.png?1578574261","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClip 1: \u003c/strong\u003eJudith Steel describes how she and her parents were among the over 900 Jewish refugees who tried to flee Germany aboard the MS St. Louis in May 1939 when Steel was one year old. After crossing the Atlantic Ocean however, Cuba, the United States, and Canada all refused to allow the ship to land in their respective countries.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePhoto: View of the MS. St. Louis surrounded by smaller vessels in the port of Hamburg, June 1939. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Herbert \u0026amp; Vera Karliner. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons, \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=509018\"\u003ehttps://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=509018\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClip 2:\u003c/strong\u003e Judith Steel and her parents were living in Nay (southern France) after they had fled from Germany. Steel recalls that in August 1942, she and her parents were taken from Nay to the internment camps Gurs and Rivesaltes. Steel was four-and-a-half years old at that time.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePhoto: Prisoners in Rivesaltes on line for food distributed by relief agencies, March - May 1942. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Simone Weil Lipman. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons, \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=110942968\"\u003ehttps://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=110942968\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClip 3:\u003c/strong\u003e Judith Steel explains that after being separated from her parents at the internment camp Rivesaltes, she returned to the French Catholic family that she and her parents had previously been living with thanks to the French humanitarian organization Œuvre de secours aux enfants (OSE). Steel lived with that family until 1946. Steel has honored them by adding their names to the Garden of the Righteous, a Holocaust memorial in Jerusalem.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePhoto: Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial: Avenue of the Righteous Among the Nations, 8 July 2018. By Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China, Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication, Wikimedia Commons, \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=110725271\"\u003ehttps://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=110725271\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary of Full Interview\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJudith Steel is a Kew Gardens resident and a Holocaust survivor whose parents were killed at Auschwitz. Steel, who was born in February 1938, discusses the events of Kristallnacht later in that year and her family's subsequent attempt to flee Germany. Steel and her parents were among the over 900 Jewish refugees who traveled across the Atlantic Ocean aboard the MS St. Louis in May 1939, but Cuba, the United States, and Canada all refused to allow the ship to land in their respective countries.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eSteel explains that she and her parents settled in Nay (southern France), where they rented an apartment in the home of a Catholic family and where Steel developed a strong bond with their landlady who she called Maman (mom in French). Steel says that in August 1942, she and her parents were taken to internment camps (Gurs and Rivesaltes); at Rivesaltes Steel's parents handed her off to the French humanitarian organization Œuvre de secours aux enfants (OSE). OSE managed to reunite Steel with Maman, who raised her until 1946. Steel recalls leaving France that year to live with her uncle in New York. Steel discusses her subsequent endeavors in music and meditation, as well as her emotional reunion with Maman in the 1990s.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCC BY-NC-SA Contact digitalarchives@queenslibrary.org for research and reproduction requests.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["http://digitalarchives.queenslibrary.org/search/browse/42474"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2018-02-13 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Judith Steel (Interviewee)","Alice Ostrowsky (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["1938-2018 (temporal)","Berlin, Germany; Havana, Cuba; Nay, France; New York, NY; Kew Gardens, Queens, NY (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClip 1:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eJudith Steel describes how she and her parents were among the over 900 Jewish refugees who tried to flee Germany aboard the MS St. Louis in May 1939 when Steel was one year old. After crossing the Atlantic Ocean however, Cuba, the United States, and Canada all refused to allow the ship to land in their respective countries.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePhoto: View of the MS. St. Louis surrounded by smaller vessels in the port of Hamburg, June 1939. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Herbert \u0026amp; Vera Karliner. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons, \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=509018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003ehttps://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=509018\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClip 2:\u003c/strong\u003e Judith Steel and her parents were living in Nay (southern France) after they had fled from Germany. Steel recalls that in August 1942, she and her parents were taken from Nay to the internment camps Gurs and Rivesaltes. Steel was four-and-a-half years old at that time.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePhoto: Prisoners in Rivesaltes on line for food distributed by relief agencies, March - May 1942. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Simone Weil Lipman. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons, \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=110942968\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003ehttps://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=110942968\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClip 3:\u003c/strong\u003e Judith Steel explains that after being separated from her parents at the internment camp Rivesaltes, she returned to the French Catholic family that she and her parents had previously been living with thanks to the French humanitarian organization \u0026OElig;uvre de secours aux enfants (OSE). Steel lived with that family until 1946. Steel has honored them by adding their names to the Garden of the Righteous, a Holocaust memorial in Jerusalem.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePhoto: Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial: Avenue of the Righteous Among the Nations, 8 July 2018. By Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China, Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication, Wikimedia Commons, \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=110725271\"\u003ehttps://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=110725271\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary of Full Interview\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJudith Steel is a Kew Gardens resident and a Holocaust survivor whose parents were killed at Auschwitz. Steel, who was born in February 1938, discusses the events of Kristallnacht later in that year and her family's subsequent attempt to flee Germany. Steel and her parents were among the over 900 Jewish refugees who traveled across the Atlantic Ocean aboard the MS St. Louis in May 1939, but Cuba, the United States, and Canada all refused to allow the ship to land in their respective countries.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eSteel explains that she and her parents settled in Nay (southern France), where they rented an apartment in the home of a Catholic family and where Steel developed a strong bond with their landlady who she called Maman (mom in French). Steel says that in August 1942, she and her parents were taken to internment camps (Gurs and Rivesaltes); at Rivesaltes Steel's parents handed her off to the French humanitarian organization \u0026OElig;uvre de secours aux enfants (OSE). OSE managed to reunite Steel with Maman, who raised her until 1946. Steel recalls leaving France that year to live with her uncle in New York. Steel discusses her subsequent endeavors in music and meditation, as well as her emotional reunion with Maman in the 1990s.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCC BY-NC-SA Contact digitalarchives@queenslibrary.org for research and reproduction requests.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Queens Public Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Queens Public Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/010/original/Aviary_QPLlogo_192x192.png?1578574261","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/201/551/small/StLouisHavana.jpg?1690572625","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/102271/file/201551","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 3 - steel_judith_20180213_clip1.mp3"]},"duration":321.01878,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/201/551/small/StLouisHavana.jpg?1690572625","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/102271/file/201551/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/102271/file/201551/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-queenslibrary.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/201/551/original/steel_judith_20180213_clip1.mp3?1761771023","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":321.01878,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/102271/file/201551","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/102271/file/201549","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 3 - steel_judith_20180213_clip2.mp3"]},"duration":179.77469,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/201/549/small/640px-Prisoners_in_Rivesaltes_on_line_for_food_distributed_by_relief_agencies.jpg?1690574492","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/102271/file/201549/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/102271/file/201549/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-queenslibrary.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/201/549/original/steel_judith_20180213_clip2.mp3?1761771046","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":179.77469,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/102271/file/201549","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]},{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/102271/file/201550","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 3 - steel_judith_20180213_clip3.mp3"]},"duration":223.03347,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/201/550/small/1080px-Yad_Vashem_Holocaust_Memorial_Avenue_of_the_Righteous_Among_the_Nations_%2842555601064%29.jpg?1761856257","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/102271/file/201550/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/102271/file/201550/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-queenslibrary.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/201/550/original/steel_judith_20180213_clip3.mp3?1761771067","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":223.03347,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://queenslibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/21/collection_resources/102271/file/201550","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]}]}